Rep. Junie Joseph

Beginning with the 2027-28 school year, the act requires each individual career and academic plan (ICAP) to include a requirement that, during the student's graduation year, the student has exposure to federal financial aid eligibility tools and net price calculators and practices filling out a free application for federal student aid or the Colorado application for state financial aid, unless the student or student's parent or legal guardian affirmatively declines to practice filling out the application or authorized school personnel determines it is not feasible for the student to practice filling out an application. The act requires each school district board of education to incorporate all the financial literacy standards into a course that is required for high school graduation. The act authorizes the department of education (department) to seek, accept, and expend gifts, grants, or donations for the purpose of supporting educators in implementing a financial literacy course. For the 2025-26 state fiscal year, the act appropriates $210,389 to the department for distribution to school districts to support implementation of a financial literacy course and the ICAP requirement. The act requires the department to distribute money to school districts that do not currently offer a course based on a formula determined by the department, which may include determining eligibility based on attestations from school districts. For the 2025-26 state fiscal year, the act appropriates $9,611 to the department of higher education for use by the Colorado commission on higher education and higher education special purpose programs for administration. (Note: This summary applies to this bill as enacted.)

The accountability, accreditation, student performance, and resource inequity task force (task force) studied and made recommendations on academic opportunities, inequities, promising practices in schools, and improvements to the accountability and accreditation system. The act implements some recommendations of the task force. The act: Requires the department of education (department) in collaboration with schools of a school district, district charter schools, institute charter schools, and school districts (local education providers) to divide state assessments into shorter sections with age-appropriate time frames to evaluate students with disabilities who have an individualized education program (IEP) or a section 504 plan; Requires the department to administer, in collaboration with local education providers, versions of the state assessments for mathematics, science, and social studies in languages other than English and Spanish when the number of English language learners with a specific language background reaches at least 1,500 students statewide within an assessed grade level. To be eligible for a translated assessment, English language learners must receive instructional support for the content area in the proposed test language. Requires the department to administer reading and writing assessments in Spanish for students enrolled in grades 5 through 8 when the number of English language learners who receive instructional reading and writing services in Spanish reaches at least 1,500 students statewide within an assessed grade level; Requires the department to provide guidance to local education providers and the state charter school institute (institute) on encouraging student participation in state assessments; Creates the accountability work group to provide feedback to the department related to state and federal accountability policies and decisions and to make recommendations to the state board of education (state board); Requires the department to include curriculum-based achievement college entrance exams for purposes of calculating performance for the performance indicator concerning student academic achievement; Requires the state board to ensure that the calculation of performance for the performance indicator includes the academic achievement of students with disabilities but who no longer meet the eligibility criteria for an IEP; Requires the department, beginning in the 2027-28 school year, to measure the postsecondary and workforce readiness performance indicator on 4 performance sub-indicators: The college and career readiness before graduation sub-indicator, the postsecondary progress sub-indicator, the graduation sub-indicator, and the dropout rate sub-indicator; Requires the department to calculate measures for each performance indicator for the overall student population and for the combined disaggregated group. In determining the overall performance on a performance indicator, the department shall ensure that each student in the combined disaggregated group is counted once even if the student belongs to multiple student groups. Creates a multi-year pathway plan for school improvement for local education providers and the institute. The pathway plan connects a local education provider's or the institute's proposal for significant state action with broader strategies for the improvement of the local education provider or the institute. Requires the department, in consultation with the technical advisory panel, the accountability work group, and other advisory groups with relevant expertise, to study lowering student count thresholds on accountability calculations and reporting, addressing inherent volatility of test score measurements for local education providers with small student populations, and shortening statewide assessments and implementing adaptative assessment technology. The department is required to submit a report for each of the studies to the education committees of the general assembly. Requires the department to gather stakeholder input on the specific data elements and visual reporting format for the statewide education accountability dashboard on or before November 1, 2026. The department shall summarize the information into a report and submit the report to the state board. Encourages local education providers and the institute to adopt solutions to provide educator professional development and transform instruction in public schools in order to receive a grant award from the school transformation grant program; and Encourages the institute and local education providers that are implementing priority improvement or turnaround plans to use local assessment data to identify performance indicator gaps and provide supports and interventions in order to receive a grant award from the school transformation grant program. The act reduces an appropriation from the state education fund for the statewide assessment program by $465,000. The act reduces a general fund appropriation for the local accountability system grant program by $81,000. The act appropriates $559,187 to the department from the general fund for use by school quality and support. (Note: This summary applies to this bill as enacted.)

The act clarifies when a teacher may conclude that an early elementary school student has a significant reading deficiency requiring remediation through a specialized approach to instruction (READ plan) based on a body of evidence that includes information in addition to the student's scores on a reading assessment. Current law requires certain parental communications in connection with a student's READ plan. The act requires the addition of specific information regarding characteristics of dyslexia, if applicable, to the parental communications. Beginning no later than the 2027-28 school year, a local education provider must either develop its own screening process for identifying early elementary school students with characteristics of dyslexia or implement a universal dyslexia screener that conforms to certain new requirements. A local education provider that implements a screener may include the screener in an interim reading assessment or administer the screener separately from the interim assessment. Either way, the screener must accurately and reliably identify students at risk of reading difficulties. If an interim reading assessment includes a screener, the assessment must meet standards for validity and reliability, encourage data-driven instructional decision making, and promote efficient administration and effective follow-up. (Note: This summary applies to this bill as enacted.)

Under current law, the Colorado commission for the deaf, hard of hearing, and deafblind coordinates and advocates for the provision of, and access to, services and resources for individuals who are deaf, hard of hearing, or deafblind (services and resources). Sections 1 through 11 of the act create the communication services for people with disabilities enterprise (enterprise) and the division for the deaf, hard of hearing, and deafblind (division) within the department of human services to provide these services and resources. Section 8 creates the Colorado division for the deaf, hard of hearing, and deafblind cash fund (cash fund). Telecommunications relay services (TRS) are provided for individuals who are deaf, hard of hearing, or deafblind in the state through a monthly surcharge that voice service providers collect from their telephone customers (monthly surcharge) and through a charge that sellers of prepaid wireless telecommunications services impose at the point of sale (charge). Under current law, the public utilities commission (commission) imposes the monthly surcharge and charge, and the amounts collected are disbursed for the Colorado commission for the deaf, hard of hearing, and deafblind to provide services and resources; for the state librarian to provide reading services for the blind and print-disabled; and for the talking book library. Sections 4 and 15 transfer the authority to impose the monthly surcharge and charge to the enterprise, while maintaining the commission's responsibility for collecting the monthly surcharge from voice service providers. Money disbursed for services and resources is credited to the cash fund for use by the enterprise and the division. For the 2025-26 state fiscal year, the act appropriates $5,550,636 of monthly surcharge and charge amounts collected by voice service providers and prepaid wireless telecommunications services retailers to the departments of human services, education, regulatory agencies, revenue, personnel, and law to implement the act. (Note: This summary applies to this bill as enacted.)

As it relates to unlawful detention of real property, the act expands current exceptions and protections for tenants who are victims of domestic violence and domestic abuse to include victims of unlawful sexual behavior and stalking (victim-survivor). If domestic violence or domestic abuse was the cause of an alleged unlawful detention of real property, current law requires the tenant to document the domestic violence or domestic abuse through a police report or a valid civil or emergency protection order (required documentation). The act expands the required documentation to include a valid criminal protection order, a self-attestation affidavit or a letter signed by a qualified third party from whom the tenant sought assistance. If a tenant has been alleged to have committed unlawful detention of real property due to nonpayment or late payment of rent and the tenant has provided the landlord with the required documentation, the act requires the landlord to offer the tenant a repayment plan no later than 3 business days after serving a demand for unpaid rent or no later than 3 business days after receiving the required documentation. Within 7 days after receipt of the repayment plan, the act requires the tenant to accept the landlord's repayment plan or propose an alternative. If a landlord has written or actual notice that a tenant is a victim-survivor, the act requires the landlord to make all reasonable efforts to perfect service through personal service to the tenant. The act requires the court to suppress, or continue suppressing, any related court records upon receiving the victim-survivor's motion or petition to suppress the record, the required documentation, and an assertion that public access to the records poses a risk to the defendant's safety or the safety of a family member of the defendant's household. The act makes changes to certain court procedures as the procedures relate to victim-survivors. If a tenant who is a victim-survivor terminates a lease and provides the required documentation, the tenant is not liable for damage to the dwelling unit caused by the responsible party or during the course of an incident of unlawful sexual behavior, stalking, domestic violence, or domestic abuse. The act requires the tenant to pay no more than one month's rent after vacating the premises only if the landlord has incurred economic damages as a direct result of the early termination and the landlord has provided documentation of the economic damages to the tenant within 30 days after termination of the rental or lease agreement. The act prohibits a landlord from assigning a debt allegedly owed by a tenant who is a victim-survivor to a third-party debt collector unless the landlord provides the tenant with documentation of the economic damages incurred by the landlord and provides at least 90 days' written notice to the tenant. If a tenant provides notice to the landlord that the tenant is a victim-survivor and provides the required documentation, the act prohibits the landlord from preventing the tenant from changing the locks and prohibits the landlord from imposing fees on, taking any adverse action against, or otherwise retaliating against the tenant for changing the locks or taking other reasonable safety precautions. The act authorizes a tenant to bring a civil action against a landlord for violating provisions related to housing protections for victim-survivors. (Note: This summary applies to this bill as enacted.)

The act: Amends the definition of "employer" for purposes of wage and hour laws to include an individual who owns or controls at least 25% of the ownership interest in an employer; Prohibits an employer from making a payroll deduction below a worker's applicable minimum wage; Allows the director of the division of labor standards and statistics (division) to waive the penalty for an employer's failure to pay claimed wages or compensation within 14 days after a written demand if certain specified conditions are met; and Requires a court to find that an employee pursued a wage claim that lacked substantial justification before awarding an employer reasonable costs and attorney fees in a civil action for unpaid wages or compensation. In such an action, the court may pursue all equitable relief to deter future violations and prevent unjust enrichment. Current law limits the ability of the director of the division to adjudicate claims for nonpayment of wages or compensation to $7,500 or less. The act increases this threshold over the years by increasing the maximum amount to $13,000 for claims filed from July 1, 2026, through December 31, 2027, and in an amount specified by the director of the division to adjust for inflation beginning January 1, 2028. The act also requires the division, in adjudicating wage claims, to determine whether a violation is willful. For each violation: The director shall publish on the division's website the names of all employers found to be in violation and whether the violation was willful; and If the violation was willful and is not remedied within 60 days after the division's finding that there was a violation, the division must notify all government bodies with the authority to deny, withdraw, or otherwise limit or impose remedial conditions on the employer's license, permit, registration, or other credential of the unremedied willful violation. Additionally, the division may report an employer found to have violated a law related to wages and hours to any government body with authority to deny, withdraw, or otherwise limit or impose remedial conditions on the employer's license, permit, registration, or other credential. The act also repeals language requiring the division to issue a determination on a wage complaint within 90 days and clarifies that a city or county may enact and enforce wage laws within the city or county's jurisdiction. An employer found to have misclassified an employee as a nonemployee must pay a fine in the following amounts, in addition to any other relief ordered: For a willful violation, $5,000; For a violation not remedied within 60 days after the division's finding, $10,000; For a second or subsequent willful violation within 5 years, $25,000; or For a second or subsequent willful violation not remedied within 60 days after the division's finding, $50,000. The director of the division must adjust these fine amounts for inflation by January 1, 2028, and every other year thereafter. The act also decreases the amount of time the division must wait before paying an employee out of the wage theft enforcement fund from 6 months to 120 days. Current law prohibits an employer from discriminating or retaliating against an employee for taking protection under wage and hour laws or the law related to the employment of minors. The act expands this provision to specify additional protected behavior and expands the prohibition to include other persons in addition to employers. The act also: Requires a fact finder to consider the time between an individual's exercise of a protected activity and an employer's adverse action when determining whether an employer has retaliated against the employee or worker; Specifies that it is a violation to use an individual's immigration status to discriminate or retaliate against an employee or worker who has engaged in protected activity; and Allows the division to order reasonable attorney fees and costs after investigating a discrimination or retaliation claim. Between August 1, 2027, and October 1, 2027, the division must report to the joint budget committee on its progress in implementing the act. In state fiscal year 2025-26, $328,210 is appropriated to the department of labor and employment for use by the division to implement the act. (Note: This summary applies to this bill as enacted.)

The act consolidates damages provisions for individuals with disabilities who experience discrimination in places of public accommodation or a violation of their civil rights with the general protections under the "Colorado Anti-Discrimination Act" (CADA) for all protected classes. With the consolidation of these provisions, the allowable remedies under CADA are a court order requiring compliance with the applicable section of CADA, attorney fees and costs, and either actual monetary damages and damages for noneconomic loss or injury or a statutory fine of $5,000 that is payable to each plaintiff for each violation. An award of damages for noneconomic loss or injury is capped at $50,000, and a defendant is entitled to a 50% reduction of the cap on a noneconomic loss or injury award if the defendant corrects the violation within 30 days of the complaint being filed and did not knowingly or intentionally make or cause to be made the violation. A defendant that cannot correct the violation in 30 days but shows good faith effort to correct the violation may be allowed up to 3 additional 30-day periods to correct the violation and be entitled to the 50% reduction of the cap on a noneconomic loss or injury award. Additionally, for discriminatory advertising in violation of CADA and as an alternative to seeking redress from the Colorado civil rights commission, a person aggrieved by such violation may bring a civil action and, upon a finding of a violation, is entitled to a court order requiring compliance with the section of CADA prohibiting discriminatory advertising, attorney fees and costs, and either actual monetary damages and damages for noneconomic loss or injury or a statutory fine of $5,000 that is payable to each plaintiff for each violation. An award of damages for noneconomic loss or injury is capped at $50,000, and if a defendant is a small business, it is entitled to a 50% reduction of the cap on a noneconomic loss or injury award if it corrects the violation within 30 days of the complaint being filed and did not knowingly or intentionally make or cause to be made the violation. The act adds the provision of a recommendation letter signed by an individual's treating medical professional recommending testing accommodations as a method for an individual with a disability to demonstrate the need for a testing accommodation on a licensing exam. The act appropriates $100,305 from the legal services cash fund to the department of law to implement the act. (Note: This summary applies to this bill as enacted.)

The act classifies bison as big game unless the bison are livestock. Classifying bison as wildlife means that hunting or taking one is illegal unless authorized by rule of the parks and wildlife commission. The act also clarifies that "wildlife" does not include privately owned cattle, including bison legally reduced to captivity or bison that have escaped lawful captivity, or bison owned by or lawfully reduced to captivity by an Indian tribe. The fee for issuing a bison hunting license is set at $374.22 for a resident and $2,756.74 for a nonresident. The penalty for illegal possession of wild bison is a fine of not less than $1,000 and not more than $100,000, or imprisonment for not more than one year in the county jail, and an assessment of 20 license suspension points. The penalty for illegally killing or capturing a bison is a fine of $10,000. The value of a bison is set at $1,000 for the purposes of recovering the value of a bison that is illegally killed or captured. (Note: This summary applies to this bill as enacted.)

Colorado law prohibits an insurer from refusing to insure or increasing a premium for a homeowners insurance policy or a dwelling fire insurance policy based on the breed or mixture of breeds of a dog that is kept at a dwelling unless the dog is known to be dangerous or has been declared to be dangerous. The act adds that this provision applies to all residential structures used for a residence and occupied by an owner or renter. The "Colorado Housing Act of 1970" provides financing for building or rehabilitating affordable housing. The act requires each housing development that receives financing to authorize tenants of the affordable housing to own or keep one or 2 dogs or cats, subject to reasonable conditions as defined by the act. (Note: This summary applies to this bill as enacted.)

The environmental justice advisory board in the department of public health and environment (advisory board) advises the environmental justice ombudsperson, develops recommendations related to adverse environmental effects on disproportionately impacted communities, and supports the implementation of a grant program to finance environmental mitigation projects. The act adds to the advisory board a voting youth member and a nonvoting youth member, which members are between 14 and 21 years of age. The act also requires the Colorado energy office (office), on or before December 31, 2025, to develop and post on its website best practices for the adoption and financing of clean energy resources in schools. The office is required to periodically update the best practices and post the updates on its website. (Note: This summary applies to this bill as enacted.)