Sen. Tom Cotton

Maddy summaryThis bill requires all commercial driver's license (CDL) testing - including knowledge tests, entry-level training, and third-party assessments - to be conducted solely in English. It also mandates that new CDL applicants must hold a standard driver's license for at least one year before applying for a CDL, though current CDL holders are exempt. States issuing non-domiciled CDLs (licenses to non-residents) risk losing that authority if they fail to comply with these rules or federal standards. The law directly affects new commercial drivers seeking CDLs and states managing non-domiciled license programs.

Maddy summaryThis bill prohibits federal judges from considering a defendant's "perceived gender identity" as a factor in sentencing decisions. It amends Title 18 of the U.S. Code (specifically Section 3553(a)) to add a new provision stating courts "shall not consider the perceived gender identity of the defendant as a mitigating factor." The bill also defines "perceived gender identity" and requires the U.S. Sentencing Commission to update guidelines within 30 days of enactment to reflect this change. It directly affects federal sentencing judges and defendants in criminal cases.

Maddy summarySRES 446 is a ceremonial Senate resolution commemorating the 250th anniversary of the U.S. Navy's founding on October 13, 1775. It recognizes the Navy's historical role in protecting U.S. interests and acknowledges its current size (over 290 ships, 3,700 aircraft, and 590,000 personnel). The resolution expresses appreciation for the service of Navy personnel past and present and reaffirms Senate support for the Navy as a key national defense force. It has no binding effect or policy changes, serving solely as a symbolic tribute.

Maddy summaryThe Shutdown Fairness Act ensures that certain federal employees who must work during government shutdowns - such as those in national security or emergency roles, plus their supporting contractors - receive wages during funding gaps. It directs agencies to use unspent Treasury funds to pay these "excepted employees" for work performed when no appropriations are in effect, covering periods until new funding is enacted. Payments end automatically when either full-year appropriations are passed or a continuing resolution without such funding is enacted. All costs are later charged to the agency’s next regular budget, avoiding new appropriations. This directly affects federal workers designated as essential during shutdowns, not the general public.

Maddy summaryThis bill would amend federal law to allow qualified prosecutors and federal judges to carry concealed firearms under specific conditions. To qualify, they must provide agency-issued photographic identification plus certification that they've met firearms training standards established by their state or agency. The bill defines "qualified prosecutor" as a full-time criminal case prosecutor who meets certain professional and training requirements, and "qualified Federal judge" as a serving judge without pending disciplinary actions or substance use issues. Similar requirements apply to retired prosecutors and judges who meet service and training criteria. This would expand the current law that allows qualified law enforcement officers to carry concealed weapons.

Maddy summaryThis bill requires federal and state prisons to house inmates based on biological sex, defined as the sex assigned at birth based on physical characteristics. It prohibits co-housing inmates of different biological sexes in the same housing unit, except for temporary, non-overnight situations. States must certify compliance to receive federal prison funding, and the federal Bureau of Prisons must implement this policy for its facilities. The bill directly affects all inmates in participating federal and state prisons by changing housing arrangements to separate by biological sex.

Maddy summaryThe American Workforce Act establishes a federal program that provides paid, full-time workforce training for U.S. citizens with high school diplomas (but no bachelor's degrees or higher) in high-wage, high-demand industries. The program requires employers to enter into approved American workforce contracts with trainees, providing structured on-the-job work and educational training while paying trainees at or above minimum wage standards. It authorizes workforce education subsidies to employers (up to $9,000 per trainee) to cover training costs, with specific requirements for training quality, credentialing, and transparency about wages and job outcomes. Employers must provide detailed public disclosure about their programs and meet certain standards for training and compliance, with oversight by the Director of the American Workforce Division. The program is set to sunset after 11 years or when the Secretary submits the 10-year report to Congress.

Maddy summaryS 2986, the American Medicine Safety and Security Act, restricts employment and access to sensitive data at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) based on foreign nationality ties. It prohibits employment at the FDA for nationals of China, Russia, or Iran, requires employees with immediate family (parents, siblings, or children) from those countries to report this, and mandates termination for non-reporting. The bill also bans FDA employees from working for 10 years with entities in those countries after leaving the FDA and restricts access to drug/device data if employees have family ties to or prior work with those nations. These provisions directly affect FDA employees and contractors, aiming to limit potential security risks through specific employment and data access rules.

Maddy summaryThis bill extends the expiration date for cybersecurity information sharing authorities under the 2015 law from September 30, 2025, to September 30, 2035. It directly affects organizations and government entities that share cybersecurity threat information under the existing framework. The key provision amends Section 111(a) of the Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act of 2015 to update the deadline, with retroactive effect starting October 1, 2025. The bill also updates the law's title to "Protecting America from Cyber Threats Act" for consistency.

Maddy summaryThis resolution (SRES 438) condemns Hamas for the October 7, 2023, terrorist attack on Israel that killed approximately 1,200 people - including 40 U.S. citizens - and took 251 hostages. It supports an outcome ensuring Israel’s "forever survival," destroying Hamas’s ability to regroup, and securing the release of all remaining hostages, including two U.S. citizens held in Gaza. The resolution also condemns antisemitic protests in the U.S. that damaged property and threatened Jewish Americans’ safety. As a non-binding Senate resolution, it expresses symbolic support for U.S. policy toward Israel but does not create new laws or allocate funds. It directly affects U.S. diplomatic positioning on the Israel-Hamas conflict and hostage negotiations.