Energy

Offshore Energy Security Act of 2025 This bill directs the Department of the Interior to conduct two offshore oil and gas lease sales per year for 10 years in the Gulf of Mexico Region Program Area, places a moratorium on oil and gas leases in certain areas, and establishes related requirements. Interior must offer at least 74 million acres for each offshore lease sale in such region. The bill stipulates the terms and conditions of such leases. Interior must also carry out the lease sales in accordance with the Record of Decision approved by Interior on January 17, 2017. Interior may waive certain requirements under the National Outer Continental Shelf Oil and Gas Leasing Program that would delay final approval of those lease sales. In addition, the bill prohibits such lease sales from being invalidated as a result of lawsuits relating to environmental reviews under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969. It also limits delays to the lease sales as a result of the lawsuits. Finally, the bill extends through 2035 a moratorium on oil and gas leasing in (1) any area east of the Military Mission Line in the Gulf of Mexico; (2) any area in the Eastern Planning Area that is within 125 miles of Florida's coastline; and (3) certain areas in the Central Planning Area, including specified areas along Florida's coastline. It also places a moratorium through 2035 on oil and gas leasing in the South Atlantic Planning Area or the Straits of Florida Planning Area.

This bill (SJRES 91) seeks congressional disapproval of a Bureau of Land Management (BLM) rule authorizing oil and gas leasing in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) Coastal Plain. It directly affects the BLM's ability to implement this leasing program by aiming to block the rule under the Congressional Review Act (CRA). The resolution would nullify the rule (issued December 2024) if passed, preventing the BLM from moving forward with leasing activities in the Coastal Plain area. The resolution references a Government Accountability Office opinion confirming the rule qualifies for disapproval under the CRA.

The HOUSE Act of 2025 would repeal a new federal energy efficiency standard for housing projects funded by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and the Department of Agriculture (USDA), reverting to the previous energy efficiency requirements that were in place before the new rule was proposed. It also prohibits the Department of Veterans Affairs and the Federal Housing Finance Agency from implementing similar energy efficiency standards for their housing programs. This bill directly affects new housing developments receiving federal financing from HUD, USDA, VA, or FHFA, allowing them to follow less stringent energy efficiency standards previously required. The change would eliminate the need for builders to meet the updated federal benchmark, shifting compliance back to the older baseline.

The Energy Freedom Act (S 1721) repeals numerous tax credits and incentives for clean energy, energy efficiency, and alternative fuels currently included in the Internal Revenue Code. This bill affects individuals, businesses, and organizations that currently benefit from these credits, including homeowners making energy-efficient home improvements, clean energy producers, and manufacturers of alternative fuels. The legislation specifically eliminates credits for residential and commercial energy efficiency, clean vehicles, renewable energy production, biofuels, and other clean energy technologies. Most provisions will take effect for tax years beginning after December 31, 2025, with some provisions taking effect January 1, 2026.

HR 2187 amends U.S. tax law to disallow key federal tax credits for offshore wind facilities located in inland navigable waters or coastal waters of the United States. Specifically, it removes eligibility for the investment tax credit (Section 48), production tax credit (Section 45), and clean electricity production tax credit (Section 45Y) for projects in these water areas. The bill defines "disqualified offshore wind facilities" as those situated in the specified waters, preventing them from qualifying for these financial incentives. This change applies to energy produced and property placed in service after December 31, 2025, directly affecting developers planning offshore wind projects in U.S. coastal or inland waterways.

H.J. Res. 87 (Public Law 119-15) is a congressional disapproval resolution that prevents an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) rule from taking effect. The rule, submitted by the EPA on April 6, 2023 (88 Fed. Reg. 20688), related to California’s authority to enforce stricter vehicle emission standards, including for heavy-duty trucks, zero-emission airport shuttles, and advanced clean truck requirements. By disapproving this rule, Congress blocks California from implementing these specific pollution controls under its existing waiver authority. This directly affects California’s ability to regulate motor vehicle emissions independently, as the rule would have allowed the state to enforce its own standards beyond federal requirements.

This bill denies U.S. green energy tax credits to companies tied to designated "foreign adversaries," including those owned by governments of Cuba, Venezuela (under Maduro), or other nations identified under U.S. law. It blocks eligibility for tax benefits under specific clean energy provisions (like credits for solar, wind, and energy-efficient buildings) if a company meets defined criteria: having 10%+ ownership by a foreign adversary government, being controlled by such entities, or having certain financial arrangements (like leases or debt) with them. The law applies to future tax years and aims to prevent taxpayer-funded incentives from flowing to entities linked to nations deemed adversarial by the U.S. government. It does not alter existing tax credits for companies not meeting these criteria.

The COAST Anti-Drilling Act of 2025 prohibits new oil and gas leasing in four specific coastal planning areas of the outer Continental Shelf: the North Atlantic, Mid-Atlantic, South Atlantic, and Straits of Florida. It amends the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act to require the Secretary not to issue any leases or authorizations for exploration or production in these areas. The bill directly affects oil and gas companies seeking to develop resources in these coastal regions by blocking new federal leasing activities. This policy change prevents future drilling permits in these designated zones, as defined in the 2023 Bureau of Ocean Energy Management leasing program.

This bill prohibits federal funding for ground-mounted solar projects that convert prime farmland (defined as the most productive agricultural land under existing law) and excludes such projects from key tax credits like the residential clean energy credit (Section 25D), production tax credits (Sections 45, 45Y), and investment tax credits (Sections 48, 48E). It directly affects solar developers and property owners seeking to install solar facilities on prime farmland, blocking both federal financial support and tax incentives for these projects. The bill uses the existing definition of "prime farmland" from the Farmland Protection Policy Act to prevent agricultural land from being repurposed for solar energy generation. Its core mechanism is a dual restriction: no federal funds for covered projects and exclusion from tax credits for solar installations on protected farmland.

This bill prohibits federal agencies from using estimates of climate-related damages (like the "social cost of carbon," methane, or nitrous oxide) in regulatory analyses. It bans these metrics from cost-benefit reviews required under laws or executive orders (such as Executive Order 12866), rulemaking, guidance documents, or agency actions. Agencies must report by December 2025 on how often they previously used these metrics in regulations since 2009. The law directly affects federal agencies like the EPA when developing environmental rules, requiring them to rely only on legally mandated environmental considerations.