Rep. Josue Ortega

This Act is a Substitute for House Bill No. 450. Like House Bill No. 450, this Substitute Act is to be known as the Reforming Opportunities and Accelerated Development for Delaware Act (“ROAD-DE Act”) and will make significant changes to Delaware’s land use permitting process by building on Governor Meyer’s Executive Order No. 18, which created the Permitting Accelerator to reform policies, processes, and procedures that have accumulated over decades and are holding back jobs, housing, and other critical infrastructure statewide. In 2019, a study of Delaware’s permitting process was undertaken. The study concluded that Delaware’s permitting process was significantly longer and more challenging than those of surrounding states in the region. In 2025, this State began digitizing permitting processes. During the initial stages of that effort, more than 52 hours of interviews with 57 stakeholders were conducted across state agencies, local governments, developers, and technical experts. Those interviews revealed that statewide delays are not driven by isolated performance issues. Rather, they stem from structural misalignment, sequential review processes, incentive distortions, and capacity constraints that compound across agencies. Delaware’s permitting process can stretch beyond 24 months, placing this State at a distinct economic development disadvantage when it comes to attracting and growing businesses. In the region, Delaware’s competitors, including Maryland and Pennsylvania, can achieve substantially faster permit approvals, making them more attractive locations for economic development and affordable housing. The 2019 and 2025 studies resulted in recommendations that the permitting process be streamlined and modified to improve accountability and eliminate redundancies within various government agencies, particularly within the Delaware Department of Transportation (“DelDOT”). To implement these recommendations, this Substitute Act, like House Bill No. 450, does all of the following: (1) Section 1 of this Substitute Act requires DelDOT to base the threshold for determining if a traffic impact study is required on peak-hour trips, not vehicle trips per day, and set the minimum peak hour trips threshold at 500 peak-hour trips for residential developments and 500 peak-hour trips, excluding pass-by trips, for all other development types. (2) Sections 2, 4, 6, and 8 of this Substitute Act require the counties and municipalities to base their threshold for determining if a traffic impact study is required on the same requirements as required for DelDOT in Section 1 of this Act. (3) Sections 3, 5, 7, and 8 of this Substitute Act provide for certain residential density requirements. (4) Section 9 of this Substitute Act requires DelDOT to deploy, operate, and maintain technological systems for the automated monitoring, analysis, and management of transportation infrastructure and traffic operations. (5) Section 10 of this Substitute Act provides that engineering studies or traffic investigations conducted by DelDOT may include automated or continuous data collection systems, remote sensing technologies, digital imaging, algorithmic analysis of traffic patterns, and other technological methods used to evaluate roadway safety, traffic operations, and infrastructure conditions. (6) Section 11 of this Substitute Act requires DelDOT to establish and collect transportation impact fees throughout this State and to use the moneys collected to fund off-site improvements to bring existing transportation infrastructure up to current State standards. Additionally, this Section requires DelDOT to use the moneys collected in the county in which the transportation impact fee was collected unless the county or the municipalities within the county fail to adopt the traffic impact study and residential density requirements under Sections 2 through 8 of this Act. This Substitute Act differs from House Bill No. 450 as follows: (1) Changes the residential density requirements provision contained in Sections 3, 5, 7, and 8 of this Substitute Act for the original Act. (2) Requires DelDOT to consult with the applicable municipal government on how to spend the money collected from the transportation impact fee. (3) Increases the amount of the surcharge DelDOT must assess on the transportation impact fee from 1% to 2%. (4) Adds the Brownfield Development Program as 1 of the programs to receive money from the surcharge assessed on the transportation impact fee by DelDOT. This Substitute Act requires a greater than majority vote for passage because § 1 of Article IX of the Delaware Constitution requires the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the members elected to each house of the General Assembly to amend a municipal charter, whether directly, by amendment to a specific municipality’s charter, or, as in this Act, indirectly, by a general law. This Substitute Act also makes technical corrections to conform existing law to the standards of the Delaware Legislative Drafting Manual.

This Act aims to increase this State’s supply of housing. Despite rapid development, Delaware is facing a significant and growing shortage of affordable housing. Senate Joint Resolution No. 8 of the 1st session of the 153rd General Assembly created a pilot program designed to encourage local zoning reform efforts that would help increase affordable housing. While several local jurisdictions have taken advantage of the assistance offered by Senate Joint Resolution 8, the scope of the problem is statewide, and it will take more than isolated local reform to scale up housing production, particularly affordable housing production, to the degree necessary to meet this State’s needs. This Act seeks to address those needs by increasing access to housing for all income levels while allowing local jurisdictions the flexibility to develop their own strategies for doing so. This Act is a second Senate substitute for Senate Bill No. 23 and differs from the first Senate substitute for Senate Bill No. 23 as follows: (1) Senate Substitute No. 2 refines the process that occurs if a County fails to rezone in accordance with its comprehensive plan within 12 months. Like Senate Substitute No. 1, it provides that if rezoning does not occur as required, a property owner’s application must be approved if the requested zoning classification is consistent with future land use map or map series and implementing provisions of the comprehensive plan. Senate Substitute No. 2 adds that denial can only occur if the County makes written findings that the requested zoning classification is inconsistent with the future land use map or map series or implementing provisions of the comprehensive plan, or that the application fails to satisfy procedural or submission requirements. If neither of these apply, the application must be approved within 120 days, unless the applicant agrees in writing to an extension. Previously, the application had to be approved within 90 days. (2) Senate Bill No. 23 required a minimum of 4 mandatory elements of an affordable housing plan. Senate Substitute No. 1 increased the number of required elements of the affordable housing plan from 4 to 5 by moving an element from optional to mandatory. That element was that an affordable housing plan for a jurisdiction with greater than 10,000 population must include the identification of 1 or more zoning designations that allow and are suitable for residential uses where emergency shelters, group homes, recovery homes, or other supportive housing are allowed as a permitted use without a conditional use or other discretionary permit required. Senate Substitute No. 2 removes this as a mandatory element and changes the newly optional element to read, “the amendment of land use regulations to allow transitional housing, emergency housing shelters, group homes, recovery homes, or other supportive housing as a permitted use in at least 1 residential zone.” It also removes the 10,000 population cap, making the element an option for all local jurisdictions, regardless of population size. (3) Senate Bill No. 23 and Senate Substitute No. 1 for Senate Bill No. 23 required the Director of the Delaware State Housing Authority to approve all affordable housing plans. Senate Substitute No. 2 shifts the role of Delaware State Housing Authority to a more collaborative one by requiring local jurisdictions to work with the Delaware State Housing Authority to develop its plan. (4) Senate Substitute No. 2 gives local jurisdictions credit for measures they are already taking to increase affordable housing. Any elements of affordable housing plans adopted on or after July 15, 2024, count toward meeting the requirements of the plan. This avoids duplication of efforts and recognizes the meaningful affordable housing work that many local jurisdictions are already doing. (5) Senate Substitute No. 2 recognizes that some jurisdictions are very close to completing their comprehensive plans by exempting jurisdictions from some provisions of the Affordable Housing Act if they will be adopting their next comprehensive plan before February 1, 2027. If a local jurisdiction falls into that category, it does not need to comply with the provisions of § 9222 of the Act prior to its next 5-year review of its comprehensive plan. (6) Senate Substitute No. 2 creates a new section addressing by-right residential uses and mixed-use uses with a majority residential component. The language around by-right review and approval previously included in the mandatory elements of an affordable housing plan section is replaced with a reference to the newly created section. Under that section, a residential development application or a mixed-use application with a majority residential component for a use that is permitted by-right under the zoning ordinance of a county or local jurisdiction will be reviewed through an administrative review and approval process, provided the application complies with objective standards, as defined in this Act. A local jurisdiction may still require review or approval by a planning commission, planning board, or other administrative body as long as the review is limited to determining compliance with objective standards. (7) Senate Bill No. 23 and Senate Substitute No. 1 for Senate Bill No. 23 stated that the Governor’s review and certification of comprehensive plans would focus in part on consistency with State development policies. Senate Substitute No. 2 modifies this slightly to require plans to “demonstrate consideration of State development policies.” The goal of this change is to avoid limiting local jurisdictions to simply mirroring the contents of State development policies like State Spending Strategies, while still requiring that they consider such policies in developing their comprehensive plans. (8) Senate Substitute No. 2 adds definitions for “homeownership unit,” “rental unit,” and “by-right” to Title 29. (9) Senate Bill No. 23 and Senate Substitute No. 1 referred to mixed-use developments in one of the elements that may be included in an affordable housing plan. Senate Substitute No. 2 clarifies that such mixed-use developments must have a majority residential component. (10) Senate Substitute No. 2 adds to the list of 10 (now 11) options available to local jurisdictions to meet their obligation to increase and diversify affordable housing. This new option allows a local jurisdiction to implement a strategy that is not listed among the original 10 elements, from which local jurisdictions must select 5, but that the Delaware State Housing Authority approves as meeting the goals of that section of this Act. (11) Senate Bill No. 23 and both substitutes require counties to amend their official zoning maps within 12 months of the adoption of or revision to their comprehensive plans. If a county does not do so, a rezoning application filed by a property owner must be approved if the requested zoning classification is consistent with the comprehensive plan, unless the county makes certain findings. If an application is submitted under this provision, a county must make a completeness determination within a certain time period, or the application is deemed complete. In Senate Bill No. 23 and Senate Substitute No. 1, that period was 10 days. Senate Substitute No. 2 increases it to 21 days. Like the first substitute for Senate Bill No. 23, Senate Substitute No. 2 differs from Senate Bill No. 23 as follows: (1) Both substitutes remove a provision that would have given County comprehensive plans the force of law. Current law, where only the land use map or map series component of the comprehensive plan has the force of law, remains in place. (2) Both substitutes reduce the amount of time a County has to rezone to conform land use with its comprehensive plan from 18 to 12 months. (3) Senate Bill No. 23 gave local jurisdictions 20 days to complete revisions to comprehensive plans that were returned by the Governor for further revision. Both substitutes increase that period to 45 days and add additional details regarding the revision and certification process. (4) Both substitutes reduce the requirements for the affordable housing plan under newly created Subchapter III of Chapter 92 of Title 29 to reflect the fact that local jurisdictions already include some of the information required under Senate Bill No. 23 in their comprehensive plans. (5) Senate Substitute No. 1 and Senate Substitute No. 2 both remove some of the reporting requirements included in Senate Bill 23 to simplify the process for local jurisdictions. Reporting is still mandatory, and the Delaware State Housing Authority and the Office of State Planning Coordination are still required to publish reported information on the Housing Authority website on an annual basis so that the public can see how local jurisdictions are meeting their obligations under this Act. (6) Both substitutes remove technical corrections that appeared in Senate Bill No. 23. Those corrections had been intended to make current code consistent with the standards of the Delaware Legislative Drafting Manual, but the substitutes remove them to avoid confusion over which changes are technical, and which are substantive. Under § 1 of Article IX of the Delaware Constitution, this Act requires a two-thirds majority vote because the amendments it makes to Title 22 of the Delaware Code would indirectly amend the charter of one or more incorporated municipalities.

This Act removes from the Town of Cheswold certain parcels of real property within the Nobles Pond development that are currently within the territorial limits of the Town of Cheswold. This Act requires a greater than majority vote for passage because § 1 of Article IX of the Delaware Constitution requires the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the members elected to each house of the General Assembly to amend a municipal charter, whether directly, by amendment to a specific municipality’s charter, or indirectly, by a general law.

This Act requires large energy use facilities to produce renewable energy within the state to power their operations to prevent a drain on the electric grid. It provides for a “ramp-up” period requiring that a large energy use facility provide a plan to the Public Service Commission to ramp up their energy production within the state each year so that by the 10th year of operations, the facility is producing 100% of its energy usage through in-state production. This Act also allows the Public Service Commission to regulate electric suppliers insofar as necessary to ensure that large energy use facilities do not negatively affect the reliability of the electric grid.

This Act creates a film production tax credit. It requires companies to obtain, at their own expense, an independent audit certifying eligible expenditures. The audit must be submitted to the Division of Small Business for approval and allocation of credits. The credit is nonrefundable, transferable, and may be carried forward for up to 5 years. The credit may be applied against personal income tax, corporate income tax, bank franchise tax, and insurance premiums tax. All credit transfers must be approved by the Division of Small Business. This Act further authorizes necessary data sharing among agencies. Applicants and transferees consent to disclosure of credit amounts by virtue of applying or receiving a transfer. This Act also grants regulatory authority to the Division of Small Business and the Secretary of State to administer the annual credit cap; prioritize and manage awards; and issue reports relating to awards and utilization with input from relevant state agencies. The Division of Small Business may create alternative audit procedures for small businesses where a full audit would be prohibitively expensive. This Act sunsets on June 30, 2031, and no applications may be submitted after that date.

This Act's purpose is to create checks and balances between the Executive and Legislative Branches of State government relating to Emergency Orders. This Act recognizes the authority of the Governor to act in the event of an emergency by allowing the Governor to declare an emergency for 120 days and to renew that order for up to 60 more days, for a total of 180 days. Thereafter, to extend or renew the emergency order beyond the 180 days, such order will be subject to actions taken by the General Assembly. The Governor may terminate any emergency order or renewal order at any time. This substitute bill clarifies that after an Emergency Order has been in effect for 180 days, the General Assembly may act to terminate or amend the Order, but the Order could continue to be renewed until the Governor or the General Assembly act to the contrary. Also, the substitute requires a report to the General Assembly every 30 days during the continuation of a State of Emergency.

This Act excludes large energy use facilities from the definition of a qualified facility for purposes of determining eligibility for a tax credit or license fee reduction for the creation of employment and qualified investment in business facilities.

This Act is the first leg of an amendment to the Delaware Constitution that does all of the following: (1) Under Section 1 of this Act, limits the loss of the right to vote of an individual who is convicted of a felony to the period during which the individual is imprisoned due to the felony, or until the individual is pardoned, whichever comes first. (2) Brings Section 1 of this Act into conformity with the United States Constitution and federal law. Section 1 of this Act specifically does all of the following: (1) Removes the ability of the General Assembly to impose the forfeiture of the right of suffrage as a punishment for a crime. (2) Removes the list of felonies resulting in permanent removal of the right to vote. (3) Prohibits making the re-enfranchisement of an individual who is convicted of a felony contingent on the payment of a monetary payment of any kind. (4) Defines terms related to imprisonment and community supervision. (5) Updates the age at which a resident of this State is granted a right to vote to be 18 years or older, to conform the Delaware Constitution to the 26th Amendment to the United States Constitution. (6) Removes the durational residency requirements necessary to qualify to vote in this State. Durational residency requirements have been found unconstitutional because these requirements infringe on both the constitutional right to vote and the constitutional right to travel. See Dunn v. Blumstein, 92 S. Ct. 995 (1972) (finding 1-year residency requirement in a state and 3-month residency requirement in a county unconstitutional) and Marston v. Lewis, 93 S. Ct. 1211 (1973). A voter will still be required to be a resident at the time the voter registers. (7) Removes the literacy test requirement to qualify to vote in this State. Literacy tests have been used to disqualify Blacks and individuals who are immigrants or poor. Because of the discriminatory use of, and often subjective nature of, literacy tests, literacy tests are prohibited under federal law, see 52 U.S.C. § 10501, and likely unconstitutional under the 14th or 15th Amendment to the United States Constitution, see Oregon v. Mitchell, 91 S. Ct. 260 (1970). Section 2 of this Act removes the suspension of the right to vote as a punishment for violation of certain election offenses. Amending the Delaware Constitution requires not only the passing of the changes in this Act, but also passage of the same changes after the next general election by the next General Assembly. This Act requires a greater than majority vote for passage because § 1 of Article XVI of the Delaware Constitution requires the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the members elected to each house of the General Assembly to amend the Delaware Constitution.

This Act requires regulated utilities to establish a separate rate class for large energy use facilities that mitigates the risk of costs associated with expanding infrastructure and maintaining reliability in the face of growing demand from being shifted to residential, small business, and other electric customers. Wherever possible, the costs of large energy use facilities should be directly assigned to those facilities, and where direct assignment is not possible, the costs should be allocated to the class of large energy use facilities and not to other customer classes. To accomplish this, the Act sets forth minimum requirements for Electric Service Agreements (ESAs) and Transmission Security Agreement (TSAs) to be in place for any large energy use facility. The Commission shall promulgate regulations to implement these agreements. ESAs shall be reviewed and approved by the Commission prior to the interconnection of a large energy use facility and provide a regulatory framework to enable responsible developers of large energy use facilities to enter into agreements to fairly allocate costs among customer classes. The Public Service Commission will consider several factors in determining whether to approve an ESA, including consistency with the Commission’s regulations; whether the ESA and tariff ensure that all costs attributable to the large energy use facility are assigned to the class of large energy use facilities; whether other customers are adequately protected from the risk of paying stranded asset costs; the impact of the large energy use facility on delivering safe, adequate, and reliability electricity; the impact on the State, including the economy, other ratepayers, and environmental impacts; and the viability of the developer of the facility. In combination, the ESAs and the large load tariff shall ensure that, wherever possible, distribution infrastructure investment costs, capacity procurement costs, reliability backstop procurement costs, transmission infrastructure costs, and study costs attributable to a large energy use facility are all directly assigned to that large energy use facility. Where direct assignment is not possible, these costs should be allocated to the class of large energy use customers. The Commission shall develop an “incremental cost test” to measure the revenues and costs from a large energy use facility to ensure that there are not cost shifts to other customers. The Act further establishes interruptability requirements for large energy use facilities to ensure other customers are protected from reliability impacts caused by large energy use facilities. Facilities that construct or cause to be constructed new in state generation may exempt themselves from interruptability. Finally, the Act requires large energy use facilities to contribute to the low income fund and green energy fund at higher rates than other customers and requires large energy use facilities to contribute to renewable portfolio standard costs and qualified fuel cell provider costs. The Act takes effect upon enactment and regulated utilities must file an application to establish rates required under this Act within 180 days of the effective date.

This Act directs the Interagency Resource Management Committee to coordinate planning, program development, and funding related to child care affordability initiatives, including voluntary cost-sharing partnerships between the State, employers, community sponsors, and families. The purpose of such programs is to expand access to affordable, licensed child care and support workforce initiatives.