Sen. Cynthia M. Lummis

Maddy summaryThe PASS Act of 2023 expands CFIUS (Committee on Foreign Investment) review to specifically cover foreign investments in U.S. agriculture businesses and agricultural real estate. It prohibits transactions involving "covered foreign persons" (defined as entities linked to China, Russia, Iran, or North Korea) that would result in foreign control of U.S. agricultural operations or farmland. The President must block such transactions unless a national security waiver is granted after 30 days. The Secretary of Agriculture must also submit biannual reports to Congress on risks posed by foreign ownership in U.S. agriculture.

Maddy summaryThe FOCA Act (S 537) requires federal agencies and recipients of federal construction funds to prohibit bid specifications or project agreements from mandating or banning contractor agreements with labor organizations (like unions), or discriminating against contractors based on such affiliations. It applies to all federal construction contracts and subcontracts awarded after the law's enactment, aiming to ensure open competition, reduce costs, and expand opportunities for small and disadvantaged businesses. Federal agencies must update their regulations within 60 days to implement these rules, with limited exemptions only for urgent public health, safety, or national security threats - not labor disputes. This law directly affects contractors, subcontractors, and federal construction projects funded by the government.

Maddy summaryThis concurrent resolution (SCONRES 4) sets strict 30-day deadlines for the Joint Committee of Congress on the Library to review and act on North Carolina’s proposal to place a statue of Reverend Billy Graham in the National Statuary Hall. The Committee must approve or deny the clay model design within 30 days of receiving required submissions (photos, dimensions, engineering details), then approve or deny the completed statue within another 30 days of receiving final materials. If approved, the Committee must also designate a permanent Capitol location within 30 days. The bill directly affects North Carolina (as the submitting state), the Architect of the Capitol (as the recipient of submissions), and the Joint Committee (as the decision-maker), streamlining a standard procedural step for statue placements.

Maddy summarySRES 66 is a Senate resolution condemning China's use of a high-altitude surveillance balloon over U.S. territory as a violation of U.S. sovereignty. It specifically denounces China's false claims that the balloon was a weather device that drifted off course. The resolution requires the President to provide Congress with detailed briefings on the incident, including the balloon's timeline, intelligence gathered, and plans to prevent future violations of U.S. airspace. It calls for decisive U.S. action to deter foreign surveillance activities and holds the Chinese government accountable for such actions.

Maddy summaryThis bill requires any U.S. agreement with Iran regarding its nuclear program to be treated as a treaty, mandating Senate approval by a two-thirds vote before it can take effect. It directly affects the President, who cannot bypass this requirement to waive or reduce sanctions related to Iran's nuclear activities. The key provision blocks the President from granting sanctions relief or taking related actions under any Iran nuclear deal - including joint plans, side agreements, or future documents - without first securing Senate treaty approval. This applies to all forms of agreements, whether legally binding or not, and covers all related materials like annexes or technical understandings.

Maddy summaryThe EQUAL Act (S 524) eliminates the federal sentencing disparity between crack cocaine and powder cocaine offenses by repealing specific provisions in the Controlled Substances Act and Import/Export Act that created a 100:1 sentencing ratio. It directly affects individuals convicted of federal cocaine base offenses, both currently serving sentences and those previously convicted. The bill removes the harsher penalties for crack cocaine by repealing clauses in 21 U.S.C. § 841(b)(1)(A)(iii) and § 841(b)(1)(B)(iii), as well as corresponding provisions in the Import/Export Act. Sentencing courts may now consider resentencing for past cases involving cocaine base convictions, applying the same factors used in standard sentencing under 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a). This change applies to all future sentences and allows retroactive review of prior cases.

Maddy summaryThis bill (S 471) gives states more flexibility in determining which Medicaid providers can participate in state plans if they perform abortions. It allows states to set their own criteria for excluding abortion providers from Medicaid participation, except in specific cases. The exceptions require coverage for abortions needed due to rape or incest, or when a physician certifies a life-threatening physical condition related to pregnancy. This directly affects Medicaid providers who perform abortions and state Medicaid programs, changing how states manage provider participation under federal Medicaid rules.

Maddy summarySRES 67 is a symbolic Senate resolution designating February 2023 as "Career and Technical Education (CTE) Month" to recognize CTE's role in preparing students for high-demand careers. It does not create new policies or funding but expresses Senate support for CTE programs that connect students with workforce skills in fields like healthcare, technology, and construction. The resolution encourages educators and parents to promote CTE as a valuable educational pathway, referencing the 106th anniversary of the foundational Smith-Hughes Vocational Education Act. As a procedural resolution, it has no direct impact on legislation or affected individuals.

Maddy summaryThis symbolic Senate resolution (SRES 69) designates February 18-25, 2023, as "National FFA Week" to celebrate the 95th anniversary of the National FFA Organization. It recognizes FFA’s role in developing future agricultural leaders through its educational programs, which serve over 850,000 students across all 50 states and territories. The resolution has no legal effect - it is a ceremonial expression of support, not a policy change. It directly affects the FFA organization and its members by highlighting their educational mission during a designated week.

Maddy summaryS 428, the FIND Act, requires federal contractors and first-tier subcontractors to certify they do not discriminate against firearm industry businesses (including manufacturers, dealers, and ammunition sellers) in their policies or practices. It mandates that contractors avoid refusing services or imposing restrictions based on bias against the firearm industry rather than objective business criteria like financial risk or legal compliance. Contracts violating this requirement face termination and potential debarment, though the rule excludes sole-source contracts. The law applies to all new federal contracts awarded after its enactment.