Transportation (Rail)

The D-BLOC Act (HR 6790) requires railroads to limit train blockages at public highway-rail crossings to 10 minutes or less, except in emergencies like accidents, track obstructions, or safety compliance. Railroads must report all blockages exceeding 10 minutes via a federal portal, maintain detailed records of incidents, and face civil penalties for repeated violations after a 60-day notice period. The law exempts penalties if an alternate route exists within half a mile or a grade separation project is underway with funding. It directly affects Class I railroads (major freight carriers) and applies to all public highway-rail crossings nationwide, excluding Amtrak and commuter rail operations. The bill builds on an existing FRA portal established in 2019 to track and address recurring blockages.

S 3665, the Passenger Rail Crew Protection Act, makes it a federal crime to assault or intimidate crew members on passenger trains, platforms, or in rail stations. It directly affects railroad workers (including engineers, conductors, and safety personnel) and passengers who threaten them, defining "dangerous weapon" to include items like pocket knives under 2.5 inches and box cutters. The law prohibits actions that interfere with crew duties or reduce their ability to perform them, with penalties of up to 8 years in prison for basic offenses and up to 20 years if a dangerous weapon is used. This bill establishes clear legal protections for rail crew members during their work, focusing on preventing physical threats that could compromise safety.

S 3661, the PATH to Education Act, creates new grants for public transit providers to partner with community colleges, Head Start programs, minority-serving institutions, career schools, and rural colleges to improve transportation access. Grants fund specific projects like adding bus stops/routes, increasing service frequency for student commutes, or covering operating costs for transit connecting to eligible institutions. The bill allocates $1 million in 2027 (rising to $5 million by 2031) for these grants, with priority given to partnerships involving schools where over 25% of students receive federal Pell Grants. This directly affects transit agencies, educational institutions serving low-income students, and Head Start participants needing reliable transportation.

HR 6635, the Bus Operator Safety and Security Act, requires new fixed-route buses over 30 feet long (with a 10+ year lifespan) purchased using federal transit funds to have physical barriers at the driver's workstation. These barriers must extend from floor to ceiling, fully enclose the workstation to block entry of people or objects, and not obstruct the driver's view. Transit agencies must install these barriers within two years of the law's enactment, unless the labor union representing bus drivers agrees to waive the requirement. The rule applies only to new buses bought with federal funds (excluding those from rural transportation programs) and directly affects transit agencies and bus drivers operating large fixed-route vehicles.

HR 3647, the SAFE CROSS Act, requires the Federal Railroad Administration to study AI-enabled sensors at rail crossings. The study, to be completed within one year of the bill's enactment, will examine existing pilot programs, compare costs and benefits against alternatives like grade separations, and identify best practices. Results must be published publicly within 30 days, including recommendations for federal, state, tribal, local governments, and private entities responsible for rail crossing safety. This bill does not implement sensors but directs a review of their potential safety benefits and challenges.

The SPEED Act (S 1894) amends federal transportation law by doubling the funding thresholds for projects eligible for categorical exclusion from environmental reviews. It increases the federal assistance limit from $6 million to $12 million and the project cost limit from $35 million to $70 million. This change directly affects state and local transportation projects that qualify under these thresholds, allowing them to bypass certain federal environmental assessments. The bill makes a technical adjustment to existing law without creating new requirements or altering approval processes.

The BRIDGE Act (HR 6889) creates a new federal grant program to fund the repair, replacement, or rehabilitation of bridges used in commuter rail operations. Public transportation operators can apply for competitive grants covering capital costs, with requirements including a bridge access agreement if the operator doesn’t own the bridge and eligibility limited to projects with projected usage-based costs. The bill authorizes $1.5 billion annually for fiscal years 2027-2031, prioritizing bridges in poor condition or identified for replacement in transit agencies’ asset management plans. It defines "commuter rail bridge" to include structures also used for intercity rail, other transit, or roadways.

This bill creates federal crimes targeting vandalism and assaults on public transit systems. It makes damaging vehicles or facilities with graffiti punishable by up to 5 years in prison (10 years for repeat offenses or $1,000+ damage), and assaults on workers or passengers punishable by 5-20 years (15-20 years with weapons, injury, or prior convictions). Courts must order full restitution for property damage. The law applies only to transit systems using federal funds, affecting interstate commerce, or involved in commerce.

# Summary of Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2026 This comprehensive appropriations bill allocates funding for the Department of Transportation, Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), and several related agencies for fiscal year 2026. ## Key Funding Areas 1. **Department of Transportation**: Includes funding for transportation infrastructure, safety programs, and related initiatives. 2. **Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)**: - Tenant-based rental assistance (Section 8) - Public housing operating and capital funds - Lead hazard reduction programs - Fair housing activities - Homeless assistance grants - Community development programs - Healthy homes initiatives 3. **Related Agencies**: Funding for the Access Board, Federal Maritime Commission, National Railroad Passenger Corporation (Amtrak), National Transportation Safety Board, Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation, and Surface Transportation Board. ## Major Restrictions and Provisions 1. **Funding Restrictions**: - No funds may be used for certain types of training (e.g., training inducing emotional stress, religious content, or designed to change personal values) - No funds for first-class airline travel in contravention of federal regulations - No funds for certain projects (e.g., no funds to support projects using eminent domain for private economic development) - No funds to facilitate new scheduled air transportation to Cuban Government-confiscated property 2. **Reporting Requirements**: - Quarterly reports to Congress on uncommitted, unobligated, recaptured, and excess funds - Semi-annual reports on properties with failing physical inspections 3. **Fund Transfer Rules**: - Strict limitations on reprogramming funds without Congressional approval - Restrictions on transferring funds between accounts (e.g., no more than 10% or $5 million transfer between offices) - Specific rules for transfer of funds to the Information Technology Fund 4. **Other Significant Provisions**: - Restrictions on using funds for certain types of litigation - Requirements for transparency in consulting services - Limits on using funds for executive-legislative activities - Prohibitions on using funds for certain types of contracts (e.g., "HAP Contract Support Services" solicitation) The bill contains numerous specific restrictions on how funds may be used, with over 100 provisions detailing what the funds cannot be used for, reflecting a strong emphasis on fiscal responsibility and program accountability.

HR 5216, the BUFFER Act, requires the Secretary of Transportation to allow regional transit agencies to increase their spare bus ratio to 30% upon meeting specific criteria. This directly affects transit agencies in regions that regularly experience extreme weather events like heatwaves or cold snaps, which disrupt fixed-route bus services. To qualify, agencies must certify their exposure to extreme weather, document past service disruptions, and explain how additional spare buses will maintain reliable service during such events. The bill mandates federal guidance to implement this change within one year of enactment, aiming to improve emergency resilience for bus-dependent riders.