Taxation and IRS Oversight Subcommittee
The Federal Election Commission filings of the people who currently sit on this committee. The committee itself receives no campaign money and files nothing with the FEC.
What this page covers
This page summarizes the campaign finance of the people who currently sit on the Taxation and IRS Oversight Subcommittee. It does not represent money received by the committee itself. A congressional committee is not a Federal Election Commission political committee: it has no FEC committee ID, it raises and receives nothing, and it files no campaign reports. Every amount below belongs to an individual member's own campaign, or was spent independently about that member by someone else.
Members serve on several committees at once, so these cohort figures overlap with other committees' and must never be added across them.
| Committee | Taxation and IRS Oversight Subcommittee · Senate committee |
|---|---|
| Cycle | The 2024 two-year federal cycle |
| Roster as of | Sep 26, 2026 Roster fingerprint a2f0cf4e9b7de7da. A committee assignment changing produces a different fingerprint, so a figure quoted from this page can be checked against the roster it was computed from. |
| Current members | 19 eligible · 19 with a complete FEC record · 0 without one |
| Finance coverage | Members' reports cover through Dec 31, 2024 at the earliest and Dec 31, 2024 at the latest. Most report through Dec 31, 2024. |
| Coverage policy | Every current member of this committee's roster is counted once, even when they hold more than one FEC candidate identity. Only members with a complete FEC record for the selected cycle contribute an amount; the rest are listed with the reason and are never counted as zero.Every figure is read from the same FEC snapshot each member's own campaign-finance page reads, so a member's row here and their profile cannot disagree. |
The 19 current members
Every current member of this committee, in the committee's own roster order by default. Selecting a measure below ranks them by it and draws one aligned bar per member on a single shared scale. Only one measure is ever drawn at a time: receipts and cash on hand are different quantities, and putting them on one axis would compare things the filings do not compare.
| Member | Party | State | Role on this committee | Total receipts | Cash on hand | Direct PAC receipts | Outside spending supporting | Outside spending opposing | Coverage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| John Barrasso | Republican | WY | chairman | $7,761,388 | $7,728,429 | $2,725,370 | $1,007,628 | $0 | Through Dec 31, 2024 |
| Michael F. Bennet | Democratic | CO | ranking member | $1,181,528 | $466,856 | $58,597 | $0 | $0 | Through Dec 31, 2024 |
| Mike Crapo | Republican | ID | ex officio | $1,131,920 | $2,571,594 | $525,025 | $0 | $0 | Through Dec 31, 2024 |
| Ron Wyden | Democratic | OR | ex officio | $1,533,628 | $1,770,759 | $309,350 | $0 | $0 | Through Dec 31, 2024 |
| Ben Ray Luján | Democratic | NM | member | $1,364,756 | $1,213,793 | $267,540 | $0 | $0 | Through Dec 31, 2024 |
| Bernard Sanders | Independent | VT | member | $8,207,886 | $10,740,761 | $89,133 | $0 | $0 | Through Dec 31, 2024 |
| Bill Cassidy | Republican | LA | member | $4,060,477 | $6,580,418 | $1,051,619 | $22,390 | $0 | Through Dec 31, 2024 |
| Chuck Grassley | Republican | IA | member | $770,101 | $332,901 | $109,000 | $19,040 | $0 | Through Dec 31, 2024 |
| Elizabeth Warren | Democratic | MA | member | $9,039,538 | $3,450,047 | $59,800 | $0 | $407,983 | Through Dec 31, 2024 |
| James Lankford | Republican | OK | member | $913,858 | $2,338,038 | $351,050 | $0 | $0 | Through Dec 31, 2024 |
| John Cornyn | Republican | TX | member | $3,377,426 | $4,122,283 | $595,022 | $0 | $0 | Through Dec 31, 2024 |
| John Thune | Republican | SD | member | $4,163,983 | $15,384,337 | $555,700 | $0 | $0 | Through Dec 31, 2024 |
| Margaret Wood Hassan | Democratic | NH | member | $2,900,608 | $950,734 | $588,433 | $46,456 | $0 | Through Dec 31, 2024 |
| Mark R. Warner | Democratic | VA | member | $4,266,869 | $5,553,234 | $710,700 | $0 | $0 | Through Dec 31, 2024 |
| Marsha Blackburn | Republican | TN | member | $13,571,274 | $5,138,615 | $2,143,309 | $390,569 | $0 | Through Dec 31, 2024 |
| Raphael G. Warnock | Democratic | GA | member | $4,819,907 | $4,738,575 | $87,317 | $422,079 | $0 | Through Dec 31, 2024 |
| Ron Johnson | Republican | WI | member | $5,374,239 | $908,046 | $36,000 | $703 | $0 | Through Dec 31, 2024 |
| Sheldon Whitehouse | Democratic | RI | member | $4,859,870 | $1,265,388 | $738,285 | $0 | $76,953 | Through Dec 31, 2024 |
| Thom Tillis | Republican | NC | member | $2,474,642 | $2,238,086 | $1,053,190 | $33,667 | $0 | Through Dec 31, 2024 |
Contributions to candidates, involving current members
Money these committees gave to the authorized campaign committees of individual members of the Taxation and IRS Oversight Subcommittee, out of their own funds. Each amount was received and reported by a member's own campaign. None of it was given to the Taxation and IRS Oversight Subcommittee, which receives no campaign money and files nothing with the FEC.
$13,197,670 from 1,405 political committees, involving 19 of the 19 current members, in the 2024 cycle. Every share below is a share of that amount and of no other kind of activity.
| Rank | Political committee | Amount | Share | Current members involved | Which members | Transactions | Latest activity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE C00797670 | $129,863 | 1.0% | 3 | John Barrasso, Marsha Blackburn, Sheldon Whitehouse | 112 | Oct 16, 2024 |
| 2 | GILEAD SCIENCES INC HEALTHCARE POLICY PAC C00396895 | $71,500 | 0.5% | 8 | Bill Cassidy, John Barrasso, John Cornyn, John Thune, Margaret Wood Hassan, Marsha Blackburn, Mike Crapo, Thom Tillis | 23 | Dec 12, 2024 |
| 3 | TRUE NORTH PAC C00571000 | $60,000 | 0.5% | 6 | Bill Cassidy, Chuck Grassley, John Barrasso, John Cornyn, Marsha Blackburn, Thom Tillis | 12 | Dec 20, 2024 |
| 4 | NORPAC C00247403 | $59,080 | 0.4% | 3 | Mark R. Warner, Marsha Blackburn, Thom Tillis | 5 | Dec 20, 2024 |
| 5 | THE PETER NORBECK LEADERSHIP PAC C00571976 | $56,000 | 0.4% | 6 | Bill Cassidy, John Barrasso, John Cornyn, John Thune, Marsha Blackburn, Thom Tillis | 13 | Dec 29, 2024 |
| 6 | AMERICAN COUNCIL OF LIFE INSURERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE C00147066 | $55,500 | 0.4% | 13 | Bill Cassidy, James Lankford, John Barrasso, John Cornyn, John Thune, Margaret Wood Hassan, Mark R. Warner, Marsha Blackburn, Mike Crapo, Raphael G. Warnock, Ron Johnson, Ron Wyden, Thom Tillis | 25 | Dec 19, 2024 |
| 7 | ENTERPRISE HOLDINGS, INC. / ENTERPRISE MOBILITY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE C00219642 | $55,000 | 0.4% | 9 | Ben Ray Luján, Bill Cassidy, James Lankford, John Barrasso, John Cornyn, John Thune, Marsha Blackburn, Mike Crapo, Thom Tillis | 14 | Nov 21, 2024 |
| 8 | NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BROADCASTERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NABPAC) C00009985 | $50,800 | 0.4% | 9 | Ben Ray Luján, John Barrasso, John Cornyn, Margaret Wood Hassan, Marsha Blackburn, Michael F. Bennet, Mike Crapo, Ron Wyden, Sheldon Whitehouse | 29 | Dec 20, 2024 |
| 9 | ASIAN AMERICAN HOTEL OWNERS ASSOCIATION PAC (AAHOA PAC) C00336743 | $50,000 | 0.4% | 6 | Bill Cassidy, James Lankford, John Barrasso, John Thune, Margaret Wood Hassan, Thom Tillis | 10 | Aug 19, 2024 |
| 10 | AMERICAN EXCELLENCE PAC C00832501 | $50,000 | 0.4% | 5 | Bill Cassidy, John Barrasso, John Cornyn, Marsha Blackburn, Thom Tillis | 14 | Dec 19, 2024 |
Money forwarded to candidates, involving current members
This money was not given by the committees named below. Each is a conduit: individual donors contributed and earmarked the money, and the conduit transmitted it to members' campaigns. It is kept out of the contributions ranking above because the donors are individuals, not these committees.
-$75 from 4 political committees, involving 5 of the 19 current members, in the 2024 cycle. Every share below is a share of that amount and of no other kind of activity.
| Rank | Political committee | Amount | Share | Current members involved | Which members | Transactions | Latest activity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BROADCASTERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NABPAC) C00009985 | $0 | Not available | 1 | Bill Cassidy | 4 | Mar 18, 2024 |
| 2 | VOTESANE PAC C00484535 | $0 | Not available | 1 | Bill Cassidy | 2 | Feb 13, 2023 |
| 3 | AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE C00797670 | $0 | Not available | 1 | Marsha Blackburn | 16 | Apr 18, 2024 |
| 4 | WINRED C00694323 | -$75 | Not available | 4 | Bill Cassidy, Chuck Grassley, James Lankford, John Cornyn | 146 | Jul 4, 2024 |
Jointly raised money passed on to participants, involving current members
A joint fundraising committee raises money for several participants at once and passes each one its share. A transfer below is that split arriving at a member's campaign, not a committee choosing to fund that member, and it is never counted as a contribution.
$103,400 from 1 political committee, involving 3 of the 19 current members, in the 2024 cycle. Every share below is a share of that amount and of no other kind of activity.
| Rank | Political committee | Amount | Share | Current members involved | Which members | Transactions | Latest activity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2024 THUNE REPUBLICAN SENATE VICTORY C00837435 | $103,400 | 100.0% | 3 | John Barrasso, John Thune, Marsha Blackburn | 12 | Mar 29, 2024 |
Independent spending supporting candidates, involving current members
Independent expenditures advocating for individual members. This spending was not coordinated with, received by, or controlled by any member's campaign, and it was certainly not received by the Taxation and IRS Oversight Subcommittee. It is never added to what a member raised.
$1,942,531 from 16 political committees, involving 8 of the 19 current members, in the 2024 cycle. Every share below is a share of that amount and of no other kind of activity.
| Rank | Political committee | Amount | Share | Current members involved | Which members | Transactions | Latest activity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | HIGH PLAINS PAC C00875039 | $947,440 | 48.8% | 1 | John Barrasso | 4 | Sep 30, 2024 |
| 2 | BLACK VOTERS MATTER ACTION PAC C00753277 | $405,425 | 20.9% | 1 | Raphael G. Warnock | 16 | Dec 2, 2022 |
| 3 | AMERICAN COLLEGE OF RADIOLOGY ASSOCIATION PAC C00343459 | $290,569 | 15.0% | 1 | Marsha Blackburn | 4 | Oct 25, 2024 |
| 4 | NATIONAL VICTORY ACTION FUND C00760124 | $125,000 | 6.4% | 2 | John Barrasso, Marsha Blackburn | 2 | May 13, 2024 |
| 5 | SUPPORT AMERICA'S POLICE PAC C00773390 | $91,979 | 4.7% | 3 | Chuck Grassley, Margaret Wood Hassan, Thom Tillis | 572 | Sep 19, 2024 |
| 6 | CLEARPATH ACTION FUND, INC. C00608943 | $25,188 | 1.3% | 1 | John Barrasso | 1 | Oct 3, 2024 |
| 7 | LOUISIANA LEGACY PAC C00638528 | $22,390 | 1.2% | 1 | Bill Cassidy | 10 | Sep 13, 2023 |
| 8 | HEALTHCARE FREEDOM SUPER PAC C00798009 | $10,000 | 0.5% | 1 | John Barrasso | 1 | Oct 17, 2024 |
| 9 | JDCA PAC C00684969 | $9,334 | 0.5% | 1 | Raphael G. Warnock | 1 | Oct 12, 2022 |
| 10 | SUPPORT OUR FIREFIGHTERS AND PARAMEDICS PAC C00773788 | $6,596 | 0.3% | 1 | Chuck Grassley | 67 | Aug 22, 2024 |
Independent spending opposing candidates, involving current members
Independent expenditures advocating against individual members. This spending was not coordinated with, received by, or controlled by any member's campaign or by the Taxation and IRS Oversight Subcommittee. Money spent against a member is not money that member raised, and the two are never combined.
$484,935 from 2 political committees, involving 2 of the 19 current members, in the 2024 cycle. Every share below is a share of that amount and of no other kind of activity.
| Rank | Political committee | Amount | Share | Current members involved | Which members | Transactions | Latest activity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | COMMONWEALTH UNITY FUND C00875856 | $407,983 | 84.1% | 1 | Elizabeth Warren | 7 | Nov 2, 2024 |
| 2 | ROOSEVELT SOCIETY ACTION C00889246 | $76,953 | 15.9% | 1 | Sheldon Whitehouse | 7 | Nov 1, 2024 |
Every political committee, one kind of activity at a time
The complete ranked list behind the sections above. Kinds are never merged into one table: a contribution a member received and an independent expenditure a member never received are not the same money, and a single ranking covering both would say they are.
| Rank | Political committee | Amount | Share | Current members involved | Which members | Transactions | Latest activity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 26 | SECURITIES INDUSTRY AND FINANCIAL MARKETS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE C00431312 | $37,000 | 0.3% | 9 | James Lankford, John Barrasso, John Cornyn, John Thune, Margaret Wood Hassan, Mark R. Warner, Marsha Blackburn, Mike Crapo, Thom Tillis | 21 | Nov 21, 2024 |
| 27 | NEA FUND FOR CHILDREN AND PUBLIC EDUCATION C00003251 | $36,000 | 0.3% | 3 | Bernard Sanders, Elizabeth Warren, Sheldon Whitehouse | 10 | Oct 16, 2024 |
| 28 | ELI LILLY AND COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE C00082792 | $36,000 | 0.3% | 6 | Bill Cassidy, James Lankford, John Barrasso, John Cornyn, John Thune, Marsha Blackburn | 13 | May 20, 2024 |
| 29 | CISCO SYSTEMS, INC. FEDERAL PAC, AKA CISCO SYSTEMS EPAC C00362707 | $36,000 | 0.3% | 9 | James Lankford, John Barrasso, John Cornyn, John Thune, Mark R. Warner, Marsha Blackburn, Mike Crapo, Ron Wyden, Thom Tillis | 12 | Dec 23, 2024 |
| 30 | PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE I C00107235 | $35,500 | 0.3% | 7 | James Lankford, John Barrasso, Margaret Wood Hassan, Mark R. Warner, Marsha Blackburn, Mike Crapo, Thom Tillis | 10 | Oct 25, 2024 |
| 31 | MORGAN STANLEY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE C00337626 | $35,500 | 0.3% | 8 | Bill Cassidy, James Lankford, John Barrasso, John Cornyn, Mark R. Warner, Marsha Blackburn, Mike Crapo, Thom Tillis | 17 | Sep 30, 2024 |
| 32 | NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS OF U.S.A. POLITICAL FUND (LETTER CARRIER POLITICAL FUND) C00023580 | $35,000 | 0.3% | 4 | Bernard Sanders, Elizabeth Warren, Margaret Wood Hassan, Sheldon Whitehouse | 7 | Sep 13, 2024 |
| 33 | NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE C00130773 | $35,000 | 0.3% | 4 | John Barrasso, Marsha Blackburn, Sheldon Whitehouse, Thom Tillis | 7 | Dec 19, 2024 |
| 34 | NOVO NORDISK INC. PAC (NOVO NORDISK PAC) C00424838 | $35,000 | 0.3% | 7 | Bill Cassidy, John Cornyn, John Thune, Marsha Blackburn, Mike Crapo, Ron Wyden, Thom Tillis | 12 | Nov 26, 2024 |
| 35 | CONTINUING AMERICA'S STRENGTH AND SECURITY PAC C00480228 | $35,000 | 0.3% | 4 | John Barrasso, John Cornyn, Marsha Blackburn, Thom Tillis | 7 | Dec 30, 2024 |
| 36 | WILD AND WONDERFUL PAC C00489336 | $35,000 | 0.3% | 5 | Bill Cassidy, John Barrasso, John Cornyn, Marsha Blackburn, Thom Tillis | 7 | Dec 30, 2024 |
| 37 | JOBS OPPORTUNITY AND NEW IDEAS PAC C00566851 | $35,000 | 0.3% | 4 | Bill Cassidy, John Barrasso, Marsha Blackburn, Thom Tillis | 7 | Oct 29, 2024 |
| 38 | UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION ACTIVE BALLOT CLUB C00002766 | $34,600 | 0.3% | 7 | Ben Ray Luján, Bernard Sanders, Elizabeth Warren, Margaret Wood Hassan, Michael F. Bennet, Raphael G. Warnock, Sheldon Whitehouse | 12 | Aug 7, 2024 |
| 39 | PRINCIPAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE C00128918 | $34,000 | 0.3% | 11 | Bill Cassidy, Chuck Grassley, John Barrasso, John Cornyn, John Thune, Margaret Wood Hassan, Mark R. Warner, Marsha Blackburn, Mike Crapo, Ron Wyden, Thom Tillis | 21 | Sep 12, 2024 |
| 40 | AMERICAN PHYSICAL THERAPY ASSOCIATION PHYSICAL THERAPY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (PT-PAC) C00012880 | $33,500 | 0.3% | 10 | Ben Ray Luján, Bill Cassidy, James Lankford, John Barrasso, Margaret Wood Hassan, Mark R. Warner, Marsha Blackburn, Mike Crapo, Ron Wyden, Sheldon Whitehouse | 24 | Nov 19, 2024 |
| 41 | BLACK & VEATCH POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (BLACK & VEATCH PAC) C00012310 | $33,000 | 0.3% | 6 | Bill Cassidy, James Lankford, John Barrasso, John Thune, Mike Crapo, Ron Wyden | 16 | Dec 2, 2024 |
| 42 | NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BENEFITS AND INSURANCE PROFESSIONALS PAC (NABIP PAC) C00283135 | $33,000 | 0.3% | 10 | Ben Ray Luján, Bill Cassidy, James Lankford, John Barrasso, John Cornyn, John Thune, Mark R. Warner, Mike Crapo, Raphael G. Warnock, Thom Tillis | 12 | Sep 26, 2024 |
| 43 | BHFS-E, PC PAC (BROWNSTEIN HYATT FARBER SCHRECK POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE) C00390583 | $32,750 | 0.2% | 11 | Bill Cassidy, Chuck Grassley, James Lankford, John Barrasso, John Cornyn, Margaret Wood Hassan, Mark R. Warner, Marsha Blackburn, Mike Crapo, Ron Wyden, Thom Tillis | 25 | Oct 22, 2024 |
| 44 | NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHAIN DRUG STORES, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE C00022368 | $32,500 | 0.2% | 11 | Bill Cassidy, Chuck Grassley, Elizabeth Warren, James Lankford, John Barrasso, Margaret Wood Hassan, Mark R. Warner, Marsha Blackburn, Mike Crapo, Ron Wyden, Thom Tillis | 15 | Sep 18, 2024 |
| 45 | FEDERATION OF EXCHANGE ACCOMODATORS 1031 PAC C00426874 | $31,500 | 0.2% | 6 | Bill Cassidy, James Lankford, John Barrasso, Margaret Wood Hassan, Marsha Blackburn, Thom Tillis | 7 | Oct 17, 2024 |
| 46 | TEACHERS INSURANCE ANNUITY ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA PAC (TIAA PAC) C00431361 | $31,500 | 0.2% | 8 | Bill Cassidy, James Lankford, John Barrasso, John Thune, Margaret Wood Hassan, Mark R. Warner, Mike Crapo, Thom Tillis | 15 | Aug 21, 2024 |
| 47 | BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (BMS PAC) C00035675 | $31,000 | 0.2% | 7 | Bill Cassidy, James Lankford, John Barrasso, Margaret Wood Hassan, Marsha Blackburn, Mike Crapo, Ron Wyden | 15 | May 22, 2024 |
| 48 | AT&T INC. EMPLOYEE FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AT&T EMPLOYEE FEDERAL PAC) C00109017 | $31,000 | 0.2% | 9 | Bill Cassidy, John Barrasso, John Thune, Margaret Wood Hassan, Mark R. Warner, Marsha Blackburn, Ron Johnson, Ron Wyden, Thom Tillis | 18 | Dec 4, 2024 |
| 49 | ALLIED PILOTS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE C00267849 | $31,000 | 0.2% | 8 | Ben Ray Luján, John Barrasso, John Cornyn, Margaret Wood Hassan, Mark R. Warner, Marsha Blackburn, Ron Wyden, Sheldon Whitehouse | 17 | Sep 27, 2024 |
| 50 | AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE C00358903 | $30,500 | 0.2% | 8 | Ben Ray Luján, Bill Cassidy, Chuck Grassley, John Barrasso, Margaret Wood Hassan, Marsha Blackburn, Mike Crapo, Sheldon Whitehouse | 13 | Dec 11, 2024 |
What these numbers mean
- The committee received none of this money
- A congressional committee is a body of the House or Senate. It has no bank account, no FEC registration, and no campaign. Everything on this page belongs to the campaigns of the individual people who currently sit on it, or was spent independently about one of them by an outside organization.
- A contribution is not an independent expenditure
- A contribution is money a political committee gave to a member's own campaign committee, which that campaign received and reported. An independent expenditure is money spent about a member without coordinating with them; no campaign received or controlled it. The FEC treats these as different activities, and they are never combined here.
- The cohort is the roster, and the roster changes
- These figures cover whoever sits on the committee as of the roster date in the header. A member joining or leaving changes the cohort and its fingerprint, which is why both are printed: a figure quoted from this page can be checked against the exact roster it came from.
- Cohorts overlap and must not be added
- Members serve on several committees at once. A member's receipts appear in the cohort of every committee they sit on, so adding cohort totals across committees would count the same campaign's money many times over. No page here does that.
- A member is counted once
- Some members hold more than one FEC candidate identity, usually after moving from the House to the Senate. Their campaign is counted once in these totals, exactly as it is on their own page, and duplicate membership records for one person are one seat on the roster.
- Missing is not zero
- A member with no verified FEC identity, no filings for the cycle, or a partially collected record is listed with that reason and left out of every total, ranking, and chart. Treating any of them as zero would understate the cohort and misrepresent the member.
- Where the money went is not why
- A ranking of committees whose money reached members of one congressional committee is a description of filings. It is not evidence of influence, coordination, an agreement, or a reason for any vote, and nothing here is scored, weighted, or ranked to imply one.
Source: Federal Election Commission ↗. MyRepTracker ingests FEC records directly and does not add its own influence, risk, or corruption score.