S 184, the CURD Act, defines "natural cheese" in federal food labeling regulations to clarify what products can legally use that term. It directly affects cheese manufacturers who label products as "natural cheese" and consumers who rely on that labeling for purchasing decisions. The bill adds a specific definition to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, requiring that "natural cheese" must be made by coagulating milk proteins without the addition of certain processed cheese ingredients listed in the definition. Products like pasteurized process cheese, cheese spreads, and cold pack cheeses are explicitly excluded from the "natural cheese" category under this new standard.
This bill requires Congress to formally declare war before the U.S. can conduct a first-use nuclear strike. It prohibits federal funding for any such attack unless Congress has declared war expressly authorizing it. The bill defines "first-use" as an attack launched without prior confirmation that the U.S., its territories, or allies have already been hit by a nuclear strike. This would directly affect the President’s authority to order nuclear weapons and require congressional approval for the most significant military decision.
The Neighbors Not Enemies Act repeals the Alien Enemies Act, a 19th-century law that allowed the president to detain or deport non-citizens during wartime. This removes a historical legal authority that targeted non-citizens based on nationality during declared wars. The repeal affects how the government could act against non-citizens in wartime scenarios but does not change current immigration or detention policies in peacetime. The bill makes no other policy changes beyond this specific repeal.
HR 612, the Health Care Providers Safety Act of 2025, provides federal funding to help health care facilities improve safety. It authorizes the Secretary to award grants to hospitals, clinics, and other health care providers to cover costs for physical security (like structural improvements) and cyber security (such as data privacy tools and video surveillance systems). These grants directly help health care providers protect their facilities, staff, and patients from security threats. The bill creates a new funding mechanism under the Public Health Service Act, making specific security upgrades eligible for federal support.
Neighbors Not Enemies Act This bill repeals provisions authorizing the President to apprehend and remove from the United States the citizens of a particular nation, if the United States has declared war against that nation or that nation has threatened an invasion against the United States.
S 173 increases taxes on aviation fuel used by private jets and non-commercial aircraft, imposing a rate of 35.9 cents plus $1.641 per gallon (compared to 4.3 cents for commercial aviation), with annual inflation adjustments starting in 2026. It creates exceptions for emergency uses like medical evacuations or disaster response, and eliminates an existing exemption for certain agricultural aviation. The additional tax revenue funds a new "Clean Communities Trust Fund" to support air quality monitoring, expand public transit infrastructure near airports, and improve transportation in disadvantaged communities - requiring at least 50% of funds to target areas disproportionately impacted by air pollution. This bill directly affects private jet operators and aviation fuel suppliers while directing resources to environmental and transit projects in low-income communities.
This bill amends the International Emergency Economic Powers Act to explicitly prohibit the President from using emergency powers to impose or increase import duties or tariff-rate quotas on goods entering the U.S. It directly affects importers and businesses relying on international trade by preventing sudden tax hikes on imports during declared emergencies. The key provision inserts a new subsection clarifying that emergency authority cannot be used for tariff increases, though it still allows import bans on specific goods from certain countries. This changes how the executive branch can respond to trade-related crises by restricting a specific tool for raising import costs.
Federal Adjustment of Income Rates Act or the FAIR Act This bill modifies pay rates for federal employees in 2026. Specifically, the bill increases rates under the statutory pay systems and for prevailing rate employees by 3.3% and increases locality pay by 1%.
This bill would strengthen antitrust enforcement by revising the standard for evaluating mergers to consider more than just price increases, including quality, choice, innovation, and entry barriers. It establishes a new Office of Competition Advocate within the Federal Trade Commission to monitor competition and recommend enforcement actions, and it allows the Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission to seek civil monetary penalties for antitrust violations. The bill also creates stronger whistleblower protections for employees reporting anticompetitive conduct and requires companies to report on the competitive effects of acquisitions. These changes aim to address growing market concentration and anticompetitive practices by large corporations.
Saving the Civil Service Act This bill generally prohibits changes to the classification of positions in the competitive service and excepted service unless certain conditions are met. (Competitive service positions are subject to competitive examination while excepted service positions are appointed under one of five schedules. Competitive service positions have notice and appeal requirements for adverse actions that are not applicable to most excepted positions, including those of a confidential, policy-determining, policy-making, or policy-advocating character under Schedule C.) On October 21, 2020, President Donald Trump issued an executive order that placed executive agency positions that are of a confidential, policy-determining, policy-making, or policy-advocating character, and that are not normally subject to change as a result of a presidential transition, under a new Schedule F in the excepted service. The order was subsequently revoked by President Joe Biden. The bill prohibits executive agency positions in the competitive service from being placed in the excepted service, unless such positions are placed in a schedule in the excepted service as in effect on September 30, 2020. The bill also prohibits positions in the excepted service from being placed in any schedule other than the aforementioned schedules. Additionally, agencies may not (1) transfer occupied positions from the competitive or excepted service into Schedule C without the consent of the Office of Personnel Management, or (2) transfer employees in the excepted service to another schedule or transfer employees in the competitive service to the excepted service without employee consent.
This bill would remove longstanding US restrictions on trade, travel, and financial transactions with Cuba. It repeals multiple laws including the Cuban Democracy Act of 1992 and the Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity Act of 1996, which had imposed economic sanctions. The bill would allow US businesses to trade with Cuba without restrictions, permit Americans to travel to Cuba without regulatory barriers, and eliminate limits on remittances sent to Cuba. It would also establish normal trade relations between the US and Cuba, including removing tariff barriers on Cuban goods. The President would be required to report to Congress within 18 months on US-Cuba trade relations.
This bill, the VA Home Loan Awareness Act of 2025, requires lenders using the Uniform Residential Loan Application to add a specific disclaimer below the military service question. The disclaimer states: "If yes, you may qualify for a VA Home Loan. Consult your lender regarding eligibility." It directly affects lenders nationwide who use this standard loan form. The bill mandates this change within six months of enactment and includes a requirement for the GAO to study whether at least 80% of lenders comply within 18 months. The goal is to increase veteran homebuyers' awareness of VA loan programs.
