Environment (Waste Management)

This bill expands a federal grant program to help rural communities address water infrastructure needs. It directly affects small rural communities with populations under 35,000 (up from 10,000) by allowing them to apply for grants. Key changes include broadening eligible uses to cover potable water, wastewater, storm drainage, and solid waste facilities, and increasing the population cap for program eligibility. The bill modifies existing provisions under the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act to make these changes. It does not create new funding but adjusts who qualifies for existing grant opportunities.

This bill extends the funding period for existing USDA water and wastewater infrastructure grants from 2019-2023 to 2026-2031. It directly affects rural communities and tribal areas that rely on these federal grants to upgrade drinking water systems, sewage treatment, and waste disposal facilities. The key provision amends a specific section of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act to adjust the grant program's authorization period. This change ensures continued access to funding for critical water infrastructure improvements without altering the program's scope or eligibility.

The Zero Food Waste Act (S 3443) creates a federal grant program to reduce food waste by 50% by 2035 (compared to 2015 levels). It authorizes the EPA Administrator to award competitive grants to eligible entities - including state/local governments, tribes, nonprofits, and partnerships - for three key activities: studying food waste sources and reduction strategies, collecting and reporting food waste data, and implementing projects like food rescue, prevention, or landfill disposal restrictions. Grants prioritize communities of color, low-income areas, and tribal communities disproportionately impacted by food waste, with $650 million annually allocated for 2026-2035. The program requires grantees to report results and tracks progress toward the 2035 target through annual EPA reports to Congress.

HR 5846 reauthorizes the Solid Waste Infrastructure for Recycling Grant Program by extending annual funding of $65 million for fiscal years 2027 through 2036. The bill directly affects local governments and communities by providing continued financial support for projects that improve recycling infrastructure, such as modernizing facilities or expanding collection systems. Key provisions include maintaining the $65 million annual funding level for a decade beyond the previous authorization period (2021-2025), ensuring stable resources for waste management upgrades. This concrete policy change allows communities to access federal grants for recycling infrastructure projects without interruption through 2036.

HR 4526, the Waste and Illegal Property Eradication (WIPE) Act, authorizes the Department of Defense to use mobile solid waste disposal systems for destroying illicit contraband like counterfeit goods, unauthorized military equipment, narcotics, and classified materials. It prohibits the use of open-air burn pits for disposing of such items or hazardous waste, replacing that method with the new systems. The bill adjusts funding by adding $8.95 million to Army procurement for these disposal systems while reducing the same amount from Army operations funding previously allocated for burn pit use in contingency operations. This directly affects military installations, border security operations, and partner security forces relying on these disposal methods.

HR 7370, the REUSE Act of 2026, requires the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to produce a public report within two years of enactment. The report must evaluate the feasibility, best practices, and economic impacts of reuse and refill systems for products like food, beverages, cleaning supplies, and shipping containers across sectors including retail, education, and waste management. It specifically examines job creation opportunities, cost-benefit analyses for businesses and waste management, equitable distribution strategies, and barriers to implementation. The bill does not create new regulations but mandates this study to inform future policy decisions on sustainable product systems.

The Recycling Infrastructure and Accessibility Act of 2025 establishes a competitive federal grant program to fund projects improving recycling access in underserved communities. It authorizes $30 million annually (2025-2029) for grants to states, local governments, tribes, or public-private partnerships to build infrastructure like transfer stations, expand curbside collection, or reduce transport costs. Grants must be $500,000-$15 million, with 70% reserved for projects in communities lacking a materials recovery facility within 75 miles. The program requires grantees to report on implementation and outcomes, excluding funding for recycling education.

The Zero Food Waste Act sets a goal to reduce food waste by 50% by 2035 compared to 2015 levels. It authorizes the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to award competitive grants to states, local governments, tribes, and nonprofits for projects that prevent, rescue, upcycle, or recycle food waste - such as developing waste-reduction plans, collecting data on waste generation, and implementing pricing policies to discourage landfill disposal. The bill prioritizes funding for communities of color, low-income areas, and Tribal communities disproportionately affected by environmental harm. It requires grantees to report on progress and allocates $650 million annually from 2026 to 2035 to support these efforts, with the EPA publishing yearly effectiveness reports.

Strategies To Eliminate Waste and Accelerate Recycling Development Act of 2025 or the STEWARD Act of 2025 This bill establishes requirements to expand recycling and composting efforts, including by creating (1) a pilot grant program, and (2) data collection and reporting requirements. The bill directs the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to establish a pilot program that awards grants for improving recycling accessibility in communities, particularly in underserved communities. States, local governments, Indian tribes, and public-private partnerships may apply for those grants. The bill also directs the EPA to collect data related to composting and recycling infrastructure from states, local governments, and Indian tribes. Within three years and every four years thereafter, the EPA must prepare an inventory of certain recycling facilities in the United States. The EPA must also develop a metric for determining the proportion of recyclable materials in commercial and municipal waste streams that are being diverted from a circular market. The bill allows the EPA to develop (1) a standardized estimated rate of recyclable materials that have been brought to recycling or composting facilities, and (2) an estimated national recycling rate. The EPA may use the rates and information collected to provide states, local government, and Indian tribes data and technical assistance, such as assistance to reduce their overall waste and to increase their recycling and composting rates. The bill establishes a variety of reporting requirements for the EPA and directs the Government Accountability Office to publish a report on certain federal agency activities related to recycling.

HR 4109, the Recycling and Composting Accountability Act, requires the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to collect and report detailed data on recycling and composting infrastructure across the U.S. The bill mandates reports on composting facilities, materials recovery centers (which process recyclable materials like plastic, paper, and metal), contamination rates, and barriers to expanding these programs. It also directs the EPA to develop standardized recycling rates, track end-market sales of recycled materials, and assess how much recyclable material is diverted from reuse. These reports will be submitted to Congress and used by states, local governments, and tribes to improve recycling access, reduce waste, and inform future policy decisions.