Environment (Forestry)

This bill prohibits bear baiting on federal lands by requiring the Secretary of the Interior and Secretary of Agriculture to enforce existing bans on feeding bears for hunting purposes in National Parks and wildlife refuges, and to adopt new regulations banning baiting on Bureau of Land Management and National Forest lands within one year. It directly affects licensed hunters who currently use bait stations (piles of human-scented food like meat or fruit) to attract bears for hunting on federal lands where state law permits it. The bill aims to reduce bear habituation to human food, lower property damage costs, and decrease human-bear conflicts by ending baiting practices that make bears lose natural wariness. Exceptions are allowed only for extraordinary cases involving bear welfare, public safety, or authorized research.

HR 2734 designates approximately 6,817 acres in Routt National Forest as the Sarvis Creek Wilderness Addition, protecting this specific land from development. The bill directly affects the management of this newly designated wilderness area within the existing Sarvis Creek Wilderness. Key provisions include maintaining tribal treaty rights and permitting traditional tribal uses, while allowing the Secretary of Agriculture to manage fire, insects, and diseases within the addition under existing wilderness management rules.

HR 4656, the *Path to Florida Springs National Park Act*, authorizes a special resource study by the Secretary of the Interior to evaluate the potential for designating approximately 2,800 square miles of Florida land (including forests, springs, and conservation areas like Ocala National Forest and Silver Springs) as a National Park. The study must assess the area's national significance, feasibility of park designation, and alternative preservation options, while consulting with relevant agencies and stakeholders. It requires the Secretary to submit a report to Congress within three years, detailing findings and recommendations. This bill does not create a park but initiates a formal evaluation process; the area directly affected is the specified Florida region encompassing existing conservation lands.

The CRP Improvement and Flexibility Act of 2025 updates the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) to give farmers more flexibility in managing enrolled land while maintaining conservation goals. It allows emergency haying during droughts or natural disasters under specific conditions (e.g., D2 drought designation or 40% forage loss) on no more than 50% of contract acres, without harming wildlife cover. The bill expands cost-sharing for grazing infrastructure like fencing and water systems and raises the annual rental payment limit from $50,000 to $125,000. These changes directly affect CRP participants by adjusting enrollment rules, management options, and payment structures.

The Protect the West Act of 2025 establishes a $60 billion Outdoor and Watershed Restoration Fund to support ecological restoration projects across western U.S. landscapes. It creates two main programs: a $20 billion grant program to help eligible entities like state governments, tribes, and nonprofits plan and coordinate restoration projects, and a $40 billion partnership program focused on carrying out projects on Federal and non-Federal lands with high wildfire risk. The bill requires projects to improve forest conditions, watersheds, wildlife habitat, and reduce wildfire risks while creating jobs in outdoor industries, with special priority for projects in the wildland-urban interface and underserved communities. Projects must be coordinated with existing conservation programs and follow scientific best practices, with annual reporting requirements to track environmental benefits and job creation.

The Biochar Research Network Act of 2025 establishes a national network of up to 20 research sites to study how biochar (a charcoal-like substance) improves soil health, carbon sequestration, and farming practices. It directs the Agriculture Department to fund research testing biochar across diverse soils, climates, and agricultural systems to assess its impact on crop yields, climate mitigation, and profitability for farmers, ranchers, foresters, and land managers. The bill authorizes $50 million annually from 2026 to 2030 for this research, focusing on practical, science-based guidance for sustainable biochar use. The network will generate data to help land managers adopt biochar for soil health, carbon reduction, and resilience to extreme weather.

This bill designates 14 new wilderness areas totaling approximately 126,554 acres in Washington's Olympic National Forest as part of the National Wilderness Preservation System. It also designates 22 river segments across western Washington as "wild," "scenic," or "recreational" rivers under the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act, protecting them from development. The wilderness areas will be managed by the Forest Service under the Wilderness Act, while rivers will be managed by the Department of Agriculture or Interior depending on location. The bill preserves these natural areas for public enjoyment while respecting existing rights and treaty obligations, with management plans required to be updated within 3-5 years of enactment.

HR 1326, the DOE and USDA Interagency Research Act, requires the Energy and Agriculture Secretaries to jointly conduct collaborative research focused on shared priorities like sustainable energy, agriculture, and climate resilience. It mandates a competitive grant process for federal agencies, universities, and nonprofits to fund projects in areas such as AI for farming/energy systems, biofuels, grid security, and rural technology development. The bill also requires a report to Congress within two years detailing research coordination, achievements, and future collaboration opportunities. This legislation directly affects federal agencies, research institutions, and agricultural/energy sectors through new funding mechanisms and joint projects, without altering existing regulations or creating new mandates for the public.

HR 4684, the Star-Spangled Summit Act of 2025, grants a 10-year special use permit for maintaining a U.S. flag at Kyhv Peak Lookout Point in Utah's Uinta National Forest. The permit is first issued to Robert S. Collins of Provo, Utah, or if he declines, to a qualified local resident or nonprofit with experience caring for flagpoles, prioritizing previous permit holders. Key provisions include exemption from land use fees, a process for renewal, and an explicit exemption from environmental review under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). The bill directly affects only the specific location and the designated permit holder(s) at Kyhv Peak, with no broader policy changes.

# Summary of the Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2026 This comprehensive appropriations bill allocates funding for the Department of the Interior, Environmental Protection Agency, and related agencies for fiscal year 2026. Key provisions include: 1. **Major Funding Allocations**: - Significant funding for the Indian Health Service, National Park System, and environmental programs - Specific allocations for National Endowment for the Arts and Humanities - Funding for the Smithsonian Institution, National Gallery of Art, and other cultural institutions 2. **Key Restrictions and Prohibitions**: - Ban on using funds for activities promoting public support/opposition to pending legislation - Prohibition on using funds for certain types of mineral leasing within National Monuments - Restrictions on using funds for certain environmental regulations (e.g., greenhouse gas reporting from manure management) - Ban on using funds for certain types of ammunition regulation 3. **Program Extensions**: - Extension of various programs through 2026 (e.g., Forest Service Facility Realignment, Tribal Leases, Alaska Native Regional Health Entities) - Extension of the Alaska Native Vietnam Era Veterans Land Allotment Program 4. **Administrative Provisions**: - Requirements for quarterly reporting on fund balances - Restrictions on reprogramming funds without committee approval - Requirements for posting reports on agency websites - Specific guidelines for grant awards and cancellations 5. **Rescissions and Repurposing**: - Permanent rescission of $41 million from Environmental Protection Agency Buildings and Facilities - Permanent rescission of $50 million from John F. Kennedy Center Capital Repair - Repurposing of $764.5 million from unobligated balances for wildland fire management The bill contains numerous specific provisions governing how funds may be used across various programs, with particular attention to environmental protection, cultural institutions, Native American health and land management, and forest management. It includes numerous restrictions on fund usage and specific requirements for reporting and transparency.