Energy

This bill, the No Harm Data Centers Act, requires large data centers to pay their full share of electricity costs and infrastructure upgrades without shifting those expenses to residential or small business customers. It gives the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission authority to approve rates for data centers and mandates that utilities cover all transmission, distribution, and generation costs needed to support these facilities. The legislation also establishes a new penalty system for violations and directs the EPA to conduct an assessment of data centers' environmental and public health impacts.

Critical Minerals Security Act of 2025 This bill establishes requirements for the Department of the Interior related to securing U.S. access to critical minerals and rare earth element (REE) resources.  Critical minerals mean any mineral, element, substance, or material designated as critical by the U.S. Geological Survey.  REEs mean cerium, dysprosium, erbium, europium, gadolinium, holmium, lanthanum, lutetium, neodymium, praseodymium, promethium, samarium, scandium, terbium, thulium, ytterbium, and yttrium.  First, Interior must report on the critical mineral and REE resources, including recyclable or recycled materials containing those resources, around the world. Among other information, the report must include an assessment of the global ownership and supply of critical mineral and REE resources. Interior must submit the report within a year and every two years thereafter. Next, Interior must establish a process to assist a U.S. person—a U.S. citizen, a non-U.S. National (alien under federal law) lawfully admitted for permanent residence, or an entity organized under U.S. laws—seeking to divest stock in mining, processing, or recycling operations for critical minerals and REEs in a foreign country with finding a purchaser that is not under the control of North Korea, China, Russia, or Iran. Finally, Interior must develop (1) a strategy to collaborate with U.S. allies and partners to develop advanced mining, refining, separation, processing, and recycling technologies; and (2) a method for sharing related intellectual property with U.S. allies and partners to enable those countries to license those technologies and develop their resources.

HR 2424, the Modern, Clean, and Safe Trucks Act of 2025, repeals a 12% federal excise tax on new heavy trucks, tractors, and trailers. This tax currently adds significant costs - $7,000+ for trailers, $20,000+ for clean diesel trucks, and up to $50,000 for advanced technology trucks - discouraging replacement of older, less efficient vehicles. The bill directly affects truck manufacturers, dealers, and fleet operators by removing this cost barrier, making newer, cleaner models more affordable. It aims to accelerate the adoption of modern trucks with improved safety and environmental features, particularly benefiting electric and alternative-fuel vehicles that face higher upfront costs.

HR 7563 prohibits imports of rare earth magnets from "covered nations" (primarily China, as defined by existing law) into the U.S., except for limited cases where domestic supply is unavailable or national security requires it. It also restricts exporting electronic waste containing rare earth magnets to encourage domestic recycling and allows the Commerce Secretary to provide financial support (like price guarantees) to U.S. or partner-country manufacturers building rare earth magnet production facilities. The law applies to products containing these magnets, directly affecting U.S. manufacturers, importers, and recyclers of electronics and defense equipment. A report on implementation must be submitted to Congress within three years.

HR 2925, the Maritime Fuel Tax Parity Act, extends an existing tax exemption for alternative motorboat fuels to small vessels operating exclusively between ports on the Atlantic or Pacific coasts of the United States. The bill amends the Internal Revenue Code to include these single-coast vessels under the current exemption, ensuring they pay the same excise tax rate as other qualifying vessels. This change applies to fuel sales after December 31, 2023, directly affecting small maritime businesses that operate only along one coastal region. The key provision modifies Section 4041(g) to clarify that the tax exemption covers these specific vessels, promoting tax parity without creating new taxes or altering broader fuel regulations.

The FREE Act (HR 689) requires federal agencies to replace slow, discretionary permitting processes with a streamlined "permitting by rule" system for certain permits. Under this system, applicants would certify compliance with written standards (instead of lengthy agency reviews) and receive a permit automatically after 180 days if the agency doesn’t act. Agencies must first report on their current permitting processes and identify which permits can transition to this model, with deadlines for submissions and implementation. This directly affects federal agencies issuing permits (e.g., environmental or construction permits) and applicants seeking them, aiming to reduce delays and costs while allowing agencies to audit and enforce compliance after permits are granted.

This bill increases annual funding for the Rural Economic Development Loan and Grant Program from $10 million to $12 million, effective for fiscal years 2026 through 2030. It directly affects rural communities eligible for loans and grants under this program, which supports local economic development projects. The key mechanism is a specific funding amendment to Section 313B of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936. This change extends and boosts financial resources for rural infrastructure and community initiatives without altering program eligibility or administration.

This bill establishes two programs to address a critical shortage in the U.S. mining workforce, where 50% of current workers are expected to retire within five years. The Critical Mineral Mining Fellowship Program sends U.S. students to mining programs abroad, while the Visiting Mining Scholars Program brings foreign mining professionals and academics to U.S. institutions. Both programs aim to build a skilled workforce for the domestic critical mineral supply chain through international education exchanges. The bill authorizes $10 million annually from 2026-2035 for these initiatives, which will sunset after 10 years.

This bill creates a 10% tax credit for businesses that modernize or replace freight railcars, directly affecting railcar owners and manufacturers. To qualify, railcars must meet an 8% improvement standard in capacity or fuel efficiency, be built or modernized after enactment, and replace two scrapped railcars. The credit is limited to 1,000 qualified railcars per business annually, with reporting requirements for the Treasury to track claimed credits, scrapped railcars, and new railcar production. The credit applies to railcars placed in service after December 2024, ending three years after enactment.

This bill establishes fees on carbon emissions and air pollutants from maritime shipping, with reporting requirements starting in 2027. Ship operators must report detailed voyage data including fuel consumption, ports visited, and cargo details, while importers of cargo bound for the U.S. face similar reporting and fee obligations. Revenue from these fees funds specific decarbonization programs: 25% supports modernizing Jones Act vessels, 25% funds low-carbon fuel research, 10% each goes to harbor craft and ferry electrification, and 5% each supports workforce development and air monitoring in port communities. The bill creates a structured funding mechanism to reduce emissions from shipping while requiring transparency through comprehensive reporting.