HB 302 requires the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) to establish legally enforceable limits for hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) in the air. It sets a 0.04 parts per million (ppm) maximum for areas used for homes, recreation, business, or shopping, and 0.06 ppm for agricultural or other non-residential areas. The TCEQ must review health studies every five years and adopt these rules by December 1, 2026. This directly affects communities near industrial sources of H₂S emissions, such as oil and gas facilities, by creating specific, measurable air quality standards.