HR 1990, the American Innovation and R&D Competitiveness Act of 2025, amends tax rules for businesses to make research and development (R&D) costs more flexible. It allows companies to deduct R&D expenses immediately as business costs (instead of capitalizing them) or to spread these costs over a minimum 60-month period. The bill clarifies which R&D expenses qualify, excludes land improvements and mineral exploration costs, and ensures companies can claim R&D tax credits without conflict with expense treatment. This directly affects businesses that conduct R&D, changing how they account for these costs on tax returns starting for 2022 taxable years.
American Teacher Act This bill establishes grants to increase the minimum salary of public elementary and secondary school teachers. It also authorizes a national campaign regarding the value of the teaching profession. First, the bill directs the Department of Education (ED) to award four-year grants to state educational agencies (SEAs) and, through them, subgrants to local educational agencies to establish a minimum annual salary of $60,000 (to be adjusted annually for inflation) for these teachers. Second, the bill directs ED to award grants to eligible SEAs to provide cost-of-living adjustments to the annual base salary of teachers. Finally, the bill authorizes ED to carry out a national campaign to (1) increase awareness about the importance of teachers and the value of the teaching profession, (2) encourage secondary school and college students to consider teaching as a professional career, and (3) diversify the pool of individuals who enter the teaching profession.
The Kangaroo Protection Act of 2025 prohibits the commercial import, sale, or distribution of kangaroos and kangaroo products (like leather goods) within the United States. It directly affects businesses or individuals engaged in importing or selling items made from the western grey kangaroo, eastern grey kangaroo, common wallaroo, or red kangaroo. Violations carry fines up to $10,000, up to one year in prison, or both, with each violation treated as a separate offense. The Secretary of Commerce will develop implementing regulations, effective 180 days after enactment.
The Feed Our Families Act of 2025 ensures SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program) benefits continue for 90 days during the first government funding lapse in a fiscal year. It appropriates emergency funds from the Treasury to cover SNAP operations for the initial 90 days of a lapse in discretionary appropriations for the program. These funds are held in reserve and can only be used to maintain SNAP program services during that period. The bill directly affects millions of low-income households relying on SNAP benefits by preventing immediate disruptions during early government shutdowns.
This bill establishes a federal grant program to help states and tribes implement Extreme Risk Protection Orders (ERPOs), which temporarily restrict firearm access for individuals deemed to pose a danger to themselves or others. To qualify for grants, states and tribes must enact legislation meeting specific requirements, including petition processes, notice and hearing procedures, and standards for issuing ERPOs. The bill requires states to notify federal authorities about ERPOs and update the National Instant Criminal Background Check System, ensuring ERPOs are recognized across state lines. It also mandates training for law enforcement on the safe, impartial use of ERPOs and includes provisions for reporting demographic data on petitioners and respondents. The legislation directly affects states, tribes, law enforcement officers, and individuals subject to ERPOs.
This bill amends the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA) to clarify that RFRA does not block enforcement of key federal laws protecting civil rights and safety. Specifically, it adds an exception preventing RFRA claims from overriding laws that prohibit discrimination (like the Civil Rights Act of 1964), ensure workplace protections (such as the Family and Medical Leave Act), prevent child exploitation, or guarantee healthcare access. The amendment ensures religious freedom arguments cannot be used to challenge these existing legal requirements. It also clarifies that RFRA does not apply to lawsuits against government entities seeking relief for violations of these protections.
HR 1939, the U.S. Engagement in Sudanese Peace Act, requires the U.S. government to develop a comprehensive strategy supporting peace in Sudan, including sanctions on individuals responsible for atrocities and restrictions on arms sales to entities supporting the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF). The bill mandates reports on international crimes, violations of humanitarian aid access, and U.S. weapons used in Sudan, while directing the U.S. to advocate for unimpeded humanitarian access and support for Sudanese women and youth in peace processes. It establishes a Special Envoy for Sudan with a 5-year term and requires the President to impose sanctions on foreign persons who commit or enable genocide, war crimes, or crimes against humanity in Sudan. The legislation prohibits the sale of major defense equipment to countries supporting the RSF or SAF, with limited waiver authority, directly affecting U.S. foreign policy implementation and humanitarian efforts in Sudan.
HR 1902, the HERO Act, creates a national data system to track suicide rates among public safety officers (including firefighters, EMTs, police, and telecommunicators) and requires annual reports to Congress with detailed breakdowns by age, gender, occupation, and employment status (volunteer, career, etc.). The bill funds peer-support mental health programs for fire departments and EMS agencies, establishes confidential wellness services for healthcare providers, and develops resources to train mental health professionals on first responder-specific stressors and PTSD. It prohibits using suicide data to deny life insurance or benefits to survivors and mandates that all collected data be kept confidential and secure. This legislation directly affects all public safety officers nationwide by improving data collection, access to mental health resources, and evidence-based interventions to address suicide and trauma.
This bill prohibits the non-consensual sharing of digitally manipulated intimate images (deepfakes) of identifiable people. It creates a civil right for victims to sue individuals who distribute such images without consent, allowing claims for actual damages, $150,000 in liquidated damages, or punitive damages, plus attorney fees. Criminal penalties up to 10 years in prison apply for malicious disclosure intended to harass, harm reputation, or facilitate violence. Exceptions include disclosures to law enforcement for investigations, legitimate public interest matters (excluding mere public figure status), or efforts to assist the victim. The law specifically defines "intimate digital depictions" to include explicit body parts, sexual fluids, or sexual conduct in manipulated images.
HR 1918, the Farewell to Foam Act of 2025, prohibits the sale of most foam food containers, packaging peanuts, and foam coolers starting January 1, 2028. It directly affects restaurants, grocery stores, food vendors, manufacturers, and retailers who sell these items, excluding medical coolers used for drugs or medical products. The bill imposes escalating civil penalties for violations: $250 for the second offense, $500 for the third, and $1,000 for fourth or subsequent violations, with reduced penalties for small businesses under specific revenue thresholds. Enforcement is led by the EPA Administrator, with states allowed to enforce under federal guidelines.
HR 1954, the "Do No Harm Act," amends the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA) to clarify that RFRA does not override specific federal laws protecting against harm. It explicitly exempts provisions related to anti-discrimination (like the Civil Rights Act), workplace protections (wages, leave, collective activity), child safety, and healthcare access from RFRA's requirements. The bill ensures RFRA cannot be used to challenge government programs or contracts that provide these essential protections. It also clarifies that RFRA applies only to disputes involving government as a party, not private disputes between individuals. This change preserves existing legal safeguards while modifying RFRA's scope.
This resolution (SRES 108) is a non-binding Senate statement affirming constitutional principles regarding judicial review. It specifically affirms that Article III establishes federal courts, cites *Marbury v. Madison* as establishing judicial review (where courts interpret the law), and states that the executive branch must comply with federal court rulings. The resolution responds to recent public remarks suggesting the executive branch could disregard court decisions. It does not change laws or affect any specific group; it is a symbolic declaration of support for the judiciary's role in the constitutional system.
