Off-highway electric motorcycles.

The definition was changed from 'an electric two-wheeled device built on a bicycle infrastructure that does not have pedals or an engine number and is not subject to registration' to a six-part test requiring: (1) designed by manufacturer for primarily off-highway operation, (2) powered by an electric motor for which a motor number is not required, (3) handlebars for steering, (4) straddle seat from manufacturer, (5) two wheels, and (6) no pedals from the manufacturer. The term 'eMoto' is now only a colloquial reference ('commonly referred to as an eMoto').

The definition section was renumbered from Section 312.8 to Section 436.1 of the Vehicle Code, relocating it to a different part of the code likely more appropriate for off-highway vehicle definitions.

Section 38010 no longer contains an explicit callout to eMotos ('including an eMoto as defined in Section 312.8'). Instead, these vehicles are covered through the general reference to 'a motor vehicle specified in subdivision (b) of Section 38012,' since they are now listed in that subdivision.

The legislative counsel's digest was updated to remove references to bicycles, motorized scooters, and electric personal assistive mobility devices, and to use the new formal terminology throughout.

Website navigation elements (skip to content, home, accessibility, FAQ, feedback, sitemap, login, search fields, bill tracking links) were added as part of the web-scraped document format.

A 'Digest Key' metadata block was added showing Vote: MAJORITY, Appropriation: NO, Fiscal Committee: YES, Local Program: YES.

Document formatting changed from the official chaptered layout (with page numbers, centered headers, and 'STATE OF CALIFORNIA AUTHENTICATED ELECTRONIC LEGICAL MATERIAL' header) to a web page layout with different spacing and line breaks.

Header changed from enrolled bill format with blank date/time fields to authenticated chaptered format with 'STATE OF CALIFORNIA AUTHENTICATED ELECTRONIC LEGAL MATERIAL' and Chapter 588 designation.

Page numbers changed from 95 to 94, and page headers changed from 'SB 586' to 'Ch. 588' to reflect the official chaptered publication format.

The approval block at the end was filled in with the Governor's approval date of October 10, 2025, and filing date with the Secretary of State.

The definition of eMoto was moved from Section 312.8 to new Section 436.1 and renamed 'off-highway electric motorcycle.' The old definition was a simple description ('electric two-wheeled device built on a bicycle infrastructure that does not have pedals or an engine number'). The new definition requires the vehicle to be an off-highway motorcycle subject to identification AND meet six specific criteria: designed for off-highway operation, powered by an electric motor not requiring a motor number, has handlebars, has a straddle seat, has two wheels, and is not equipped with pedals from the manufacturer.

Section 38008 was entirely removed. This section had required the California Highway Patrol, in consultation with local law enforcement, to implement a program to educate the public on proper eMoto use and promote compliance with off-highway vehicle rules. Its removal eliminates a state-mandated local program obligation.

Assembly Members Jeff Gonzalez and Sanchez were added as coauthors, indicating broader legislative sponsorship in the Assembly.

Removed the addition of Public Resources Code Section 5090.33, which would have required the Division of Off-Highway Motor Vehicle Recreation to develop guidelines for eMoto operation in state vehicular recreation areas in consultation with the California Highway Patrol.

Removed the reference to the Off-Highway Motor Vehicle Recreation Act of 2003 from the legislative digest, which had described the division's existing role in safety and education programs for off-highway vehicles.

All remaining Vehicle Code sections were renumbered down by one (Sections 2-6 became Sections 1-4) due to the removal of the Public Resources Code section. The substance of the eMoto definition, identification plate requirement, CHP education program, and no-reimbursement provision is unchanged.