Enhancing requirements relating to the purchase, transfer, and possession of firearms.

SB 5140 requires Washington residents to obtain a permit to purchase firearms, directly affecting all firearm buyers and dealers. It mandates proof of completion of a certified firearm safety training program within the past five years (or an exemption) and establishes a permit application process with fingerprinting and fees. Key mechanisms include enhanced background checks using state/federal databases, delays for outstanding warrants or pending charges, and detailed recordkeeping for all firearm transfers. The bill also adds safety warnings for buyers and requires dealers to verify permit eligibility before sales.