HB 17 Virginia House of Delegates · 2026 Regular Session

Fines and costs; period of limitations on collection, responsibility for collections.

Summary
Fines and costs; period of limitations on collection; deferred payment agreement. Changes the period of limitations for the collection of court fines and costs from within 60 years from the date of the offense or delinquency giving rise to imposition of such penalty if imposed by a circuit court or within 30 years if imposed by a general district court to within 10 years from the date of the judgment whether imposed by a circuit court or general district court. The bill provides that upon the expiration of the period of limitations, no action shall be brought to collect the debt.The bill extends the time period for commencing collection activity from 90 days to 180 days after judgment, but provides that no collection activity shall be commenced while a defendant is incarcerated on an active term of imprisonment and subject to a deferred payment agreement.The bill also provides that for any defendant sentenced to an active term of incarceration and ordered to pay any fine, cost, forfeiture, or penalty related to the charge that such defendant is incarcerated for, or any other charge for which such defendant was sentenced on the same day, the court shall enter such defendant into a deferred payment agreement for such fines, costs, forfeitures, or penalties. The bill requires the due date for such deferred payment agreement to be set no earlier than 180 days after the defendant's scheduled release from incarceration on the charge for which such defendant was sentenced on the same day. This bill is identical to SB 180. The bill has a delayed effective date of January 1, 2027.
Bill status signed all 5 stages cleared
Introduction
Dec 2025
Committee Review
Mar 2026
House of Delegates Passage
Mar 2026
Senate Passage
Mar 2026
Signed into Law
Apr 2026
Introduced Dec 22, 2025 Signed Apr 8, 2026
Maddy AI version diff · 5 comparisons

What changed between versions

Finance and Appropriations Substitute Chaptered · 4 edits
MODERATE
This bill updates Virginia's laws regarding the collection of fines, penalties, and restitution. The primary changes extend the time limit for collecting fines from circuit courts to 60 years (previously 10 years) and from district courts to 30 years (previously 3 years). It also clarifies that these time limits cannot be extended by partial payments or changes in collection methods and ensures that fines owed by incarcerated individuals are deferred until after their release date.
Scope change
The scope of the statute remains the same, covering fines, penalties, and restitution under specific Code sections, but the applicability of the collection time limits has been significantly broadened for circuit court cases.
TIMELINE

Extended the statute of limitations for collecting fines from circuit courts from 10 years to 60 years and from general district courts from 3 years to 30 years.

Clarified that the statute of limitations cannot be extended or restarted by partial payments, verbal affirmations of debt, or changes in how the debt is collected.

ELIGIBILITY

Established a mandatory rule that collection activities for fines and penalties cannot begin until at least 180 days after an incarcerated person is released from prison.

REQUIREMENT

Updated reporting requirements to specify that courts must report fines delinquent for more than 180 days (previously 90 days) and clarified the priority of payments from inmate wages.

Floor votes · Senate Mar 3, 2026 · House of Delegates Feb 6, 2026

How they voted

390
Passed
Total votes 39
Mar 3, 2026
D Democratic20
20 Yea
100% Yea
R Republican19
19 Yea
100% Yea
Vote distribution
All Yea All Nay Mixed No data
Full legislative history

Actions timeline

Total actions
40
Key actions
15
Committee
11
Amendments
2
Apr 8, 2026
Signed into law
Approved by Governor-Chapter355 (Effective 1/1/2027)
executive
Mar 13, 2026
Upper · Passed
Signed by President
upper
Mar 13, 2026
Lower · Passed
Signed by Speaker
lower
Mar 13, 2026
Lower · Passed
Bill text as passed House and Senate (HB17ER)
lower
Mar 4, 2026
Upper · Passed
Passed Senate with substitute (21-Y 19-N 0-A)
upper
Mar 3, 2026
Upper · Passed
Passed by for the day (Voice Vote)
upper
Mar 3, 2026
Upper · Passed
Reported from Finance and Appropriations with substitute (10-Y 5-N)
upper
Feb 25, 2026
Upper · Passed
Reported from Courts of Justice with substitute and rereferred to Finance and Appropriations (9-Y 6-N)
upper
Feb 9, 2026
Committee
Referred to Committee for Courts of Justice
upper
Feb 6, 2026
Lower · Passed
Read third time and passed House (66-Y 32-N 0-A)
lower
Feb 5, 2026
Introduced
Engrossed by House as amended
lower
Feb 5, 2026
Lower · Passed
committee amendments agreed to
lower
Feb 2, 2026
Lower · Passed
Reported from Appropriations (17-Y 5-N)
lower
Jan 30, 2026
Lower · Passed
Subcommittee recommends reporting (5-Y 1-N)
lower
Jan 29, 2026
Committee
Assigned HAPP sub: General Government and Capital Outlay
lower
Jan 28, 2026
Lower · Passed
Reported from Courts of Justice with amendment(s) and referred to Appropriations (16-Y 4-N)
lower
Jan 21, 2026
Lower · Passed
Subcommittee recommends reporting with amendment(s) and referring to Appropriations (9-Y 1-N)
lower
Jan 21, 2026
Lower · Passed
House subcommittee offered
lower
Jan 20, 2026
Committee
Assigned HCJ sub: Criminal
lower
Dec 22, 2025
Committee
Referred to Committee for Courts of Justice
lower
1 primary · 13 co-sponsors

Sponsors