NIH Reform Act

S 664, the NIH Reform Act, reorganizes the National Institutes of Health (NIH) by splitting the former "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" into three separate institutes: the National Institute of Allergic Diseases, the National Institute of Infectious Diseases, and the National Institute of Immunologic Diseases. The bill establishes new director positions for each institute with 5-year terms (allowing one reappointment), replaces the old institute's name in all federal references, and transfers existing responsibilities for related research areas to the new entities. This restructuring affects NIH's internal management and leadership, streamlining focus on specific disease areas without altering research funding or public health policies. The changes take effect upon the bill's enactment, with the NIH Director overseeing the transition until new institute directors are appointed.