To establish in the Department of Defense a program to support the expansion of domestic bioindustrial manufacturing capacity.

HR 5187 establishes a Defense Department program to fund private companies expanding domestic manufacturing of defense-critical products made using biological systems (like medicines or materials). It provides competitive grants to upgrade or retool U.S. manufacturing facilities, prioritizing projects that strengthen supply chains, support military needs, and enable geographic diversity. Recipients must report progress annually to Congress on facility upgrades, production timelines, and defense product agreements. The program requires detailed annual reports to Congress on funded projects, funding use, and alignment with national security priorities, and expires after 10 years unless extended by the President.