To authorize the Secretary of Defense to carry out a program to support the defense biotechnology supply chain, and for other purposes.

HR 5186 authorizes the Department of Defense to establish a program focused on strengthening the biotechnology supply chain for military use. The program would direct military laboratories to develop biotech-based materials (like bio-cement and protective coatings), reduce reliance on foreign supply chains, and partner with industry and universities to scale innovations. Key mechanisms include assessing supply chain vulnerabilities, upgrading lab infrastructure, and requiring annual reports to Congress on progress and partnerships. The program would operate for 10 years unless extended by the President for national security reasons.