HR 4431 United States House · 119th Congress

Improving Capital Allocation for Newcomers Act of 2025

HR 4431, the Improving Capital Allocation for Newcomers Act of 2025, changes rules for certain venture capital funds under the Investment Company Act of 1940. It raises the maximum number of investors allowed from 250 to 2,000 and increases the asset threshold from $10 million to $150 million for funds seeking an exemption. This directly affects venture capital funds that want to operate under the 3(c)(1) exemption, allowing them to pool capital from more investors and manage larger funds without full SEC registration. The bill makes these specific numerical adjustments to the existing exemption rules.
Bill status passed 3 of 5 stages cleared
Introduction
Jul 2025
Committee Review
Dec 2025
House Passage
Dec 2025
Senate Passage
President
Introduced Jul 16, 2025 Last action Dec 2, 2025
Maddy AI version diff · 1 comparison

What changed between versions

Introduced in House Engrossed in House · 6 edits · Dec 1, 2025
MODERATE
The engrossed version of HR 4431 significantly scaled back the proposed expansion of venture capital fund exemptions, reducing the investor threshold from 2,000 to 500 persons and the dollar threshold from $150 million to $50 million. It also removed SEC discretion over when inflation adjustments begin measuring, fixing that date to enactment. A new section requires a study five years after enactment examining whether the changes improved geographic distribution of capital, founder diversity, and veteran participation, with conditional rulemaking authority to adjust thresholds only if positive effects are demonstrated.
SCOPE

The investor threshold for qualifying venture capital funds was reduced from 2,000 persons (introduced version) to 500 persons (engrossed version), a much more modest expansion from the current 250-person limit.

The dollar threshold for qualifying venture capital funds was reduced from $150 million (introduced version) to $50 million (engrossed version).

TECHNICAL

Inflation adjustments to the dollar threshold now begin from a measurement made on the date of enactment, rather than from a date selected by the SEC, removing agency discretion over the starting point.

REQUIREMENT

A new section requires the Advocate for Small Business Capital Formation to conduct a study beginning 5 years after enactment examining geographic distribution of capital, socio-economic characteristics of founders, veteran status, and industry details of portfolio companies.

ENFORCEMENT

The SEC is granted conditional rulemaking authority to adjust the investor threshold (between 250 and 750 persons) and dollar threshold (between $10 million and $100 million), but only if the study demonstrates a positive effect on geographic distribution, founder diversity, or veteran participation.

TIMELINE

A 180-day public comment period follows the study report, and any proposed rule must be issued within 180 days after that comment period ends.

Floor votes

How they voted

This bill passed the House by voice vote (no roll call recorded).
Full legislative history

Actions timeline

Total actions
13
Key actions
3
Committee
4
Amendments
3
Dec 2, 2025
Committee
Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs.
upper
Dec 1, 2025
Introduced
On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended Agreed to by voice vote. (text: CR H4950-4951)
lower
Dec 1, 2025
Lower · Passed
Passed/agreed to in House: On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended Agreed to by voice vote. (text: CR H4950-4951)
lower
Dec 1, 2025
Introduced
Mr. Davidson moved to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended.
lower
Sep 8, 2025
Lower · Passed
Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Financial Services. H. Rept. 119-248.
lower
Jul 22, 2025
Introduced
Ordered to be Reported (Amended) by the Yeas and Nays: 50 - 2.
lower
Jul 22, 2025
Lower · Passed
Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held
lower
Jul 16, 2025
Committee
Referred to the House Committee on Financial Services.
lower
Jul 16, 2025
Introduced
Introduced in House
lower
1 primary · 1 co-sponsor

Sponsors