Protection of Women in Olympic and Amateur Sports Act

This bill (S 3729) defines "female," "male," and "sex" based on biological reproductive systems for eligibility in amateur sports. It amends federal law to prohibit individuals designated as male from participating in amateur athletic competitions specifically designated for females, women, or girls. The provision directly affects amateur sports organizations and events that categorize teams or competitions by gender. The key mechanism is the new definition-based eligibility rule, replacing prior standards with a focus on biological sex at the time of birth. This change would apply to all federally funded or recognized amateur sports programs under Title 36, U.S. Code.