Mental and Physical Health Care Comorbidities Act of 2023

This bill establishes a 5-year Medicare demonstration program (2024-2029) to test collaborative care models for patients with both mental and physical health conditions (comorbidities), primarily serving vulnerable communities. Eligible hospitals - such as rural safety net hospitals, teaching hospitals, and urban safety net facilities - must submit detailed plans addressing social determinants of health (like food insecurity or housing instability) alongside clinical care innovations. Hospitals receive annual payments to implement evidence-based approaches, including integrated care teams, mental health screenings in primary care, and technology for better care coordination, while tracking outcomes like reduced emergency visits and improved health equity. The program requires hospitals to share results through a learning collaborative to inform future Medicare policy changes, with a final report due to Congress after the demonstration ends.