SWAMP Act of 2023

The SWAMP Act of 2023 requires most federal executive agencies to relocate their headquarters out of the Washington metropolitan area (encompassing Washington, D.C., and parts of Maryland and Virginia), with an exception allowing agencies already located there to remain but prohibiting new construction, lease renewals, or new leases for their current sites. The law mandates a competitive bidding process within one year, enabling states and local governments to propose relocation sites, with selections based on economic impact, relevant expertise, and national security considerations. It explicitly excludes certain agencies - including the Department of Defense, intelligence agencies (like the CIA and NSA), the Department of Energy, and the State Department - from the relocation requirement. The bill uses existing federal funds for implementation and does not authorize new appropriations.