Seeds and Breeds for the Future Act

S 2023, the *Seeds and Breeds for the Future Act*, establishes a $75 million annual funding set-aside to support the development of publicly available plant and animal varieties through federally funded breeding programs. It directly affects public research institutions (like land-grant universities), breeders developing non-proprietary varieties, and farmers who use these public cultivars or animal breeds. Key mechanisms include requiring that any public cultivar or animal breed developed with federal funds must be produced substantially in the U.S., prioritizing projects for climate resilience and Indigenous food systems, and creating a USDA coordinator to oversee research coordination and public reporting. The bill mandates annual reports to Congress tracking funded projects, commercialized varieties, and research gaps.