Protect Our Heroes Act of 2023

This bill creates new federal criminal offenses for killing or assaulting public safety officers (including law enforcement, firefighters, judges, and related personnel) who are acting in their official duties or targeted due to past duties. It expands federal jurisdiction to cover such crimes when they involve interstate travel, weapons, or economic disruption, or when the victim is a federal officer or works for a federally funded agency. Penalties include minimum 10-year prison sentences for killing such officers (or death in capital cases) and 2-20 years for assaults, depending on injury severity. The bill also requires the U.S. Sentencing Commission to add 5-level enhancements for cases where officers were lured to be attacked.