To provide for the equitable settlement of certain Indian land disputes regarding land in Illinois, and for other purposes.

HR 5831 establishes a one-year window for the Miami Tribe of Oklahoma to file a specific land claim under the 1805 Treaty of Grouseland with the U.S. Court of Federal Claims, bypassing standard legal time limits. If filed within that year, the court will resolve the tribe's claim to Illinois land without considering usual statute of limitations or delay defenses. All other land claims by the tribe, its members, or descendants to land in Illinois are permanently extinguished under this bill. This directly affects the Miami Tribe's legal standing regarding historical land disputes in Illinois.