Prohibiting Punishment of Acquitted Conduct Act of 2023

This bill prohibits federal courts from considering acquitted conduct when sentencing defendants. It amends sentencing guidelines to prevent judges from using conduct for which a person was found not guilty (or had charges dismissed) as a basis for punishment, except to potentially reduce a sentence. The law defines "acquitted conduct" as acts where a defendant was acquitted at trial, received a favorable disposition (like dismissal), or was found not responsible in juvenile proceedings. The change applies only to cases where sentencing occurs after the bill's enactment.