To amend the Energy Policy and Conservation Act to direct the Secretary of Energy to submit to Congress a report containing an assessment of any physical or cybersecurity incidents to a storage facility or a related facility of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.

HR 4859, the Strategic Petroleum Reserve Security Assessment Act, requires the U.S. Secretary of Energy to submit annual reports to Congress on physical or cybersecurity incidents at Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) storage or related facilities. The reports must detail incident dates, resolution steps, and the local, state, and federal agencies involved in addressing each incident. This bill directly affects the Department of Energy (which must prepare the reports) and Congress (which receives them). The key provision mandates these assessments annually, beginning 180 days after the bill's enactment, to improve transparency about SPR security events. The bill does not change SPR operations but focuses on documenting and reporting security incidents.