To direct the Comptroller General of the United States to evaluate the Federal Government's collection and sharing of public health data to respond to public health emergencies.

HR 3742 requires the Comptroller General to study how the federal government collects and shares public health data during emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic. The study will examine federal authorities, policies, and tools used by the Department of Health and Human Services to gather data from and share it with states, local governments, tribes, hospitals, health systems, and private partners like labs and manufacturers. It will specifically assess challenges like redundant reporting requirements and compare federal data practices with those of private and nonprofit sectors. The Comptroller General must submit findings to Congress within 18 months of the bill’s enactment. This bill does not change existing law but mandates a review to improve future public health data systems.