NIH Reform Act

HR 1768, the NIH Reform Act, reorganizes the National Institutes of Health (NIH) by splitting the existing "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" into three distinct institutes: the National Institute of Allergic Diseases, the National Institute of Infectious Diseases, and the National Institute of Immunologic Diseases. The bill updates titles, responsibilities, and leadership structures in the Public Health Service Act, including requiring presidential appointments with Senate confirmation for directors of the new institutes, each serving 5-year terms (with one possible reappointment). It mandates a transition period where the NIH Director oversees the new institutes until their directors are appointed, and updates all references to the former institute in federal law. This change directly affects NIH’s internal structure, leadership appointments, and administrative documentation, without altering research funding or policy priorities.