Compact Impact Fairness Act of 2023

HR 1571, the Compact Impact Fairness Act of 2023, removes barriers to federal benefits for citizens of the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI), and Palau who legally reside in the U.S. under the Compacts of Free Association. The bill amends the 1996 welfare law to add an exception, making these citizens eligible for most federal benefit programs (like Medicaid and food assistance) that previously excluded them due to their immigration status. It eliminates a 5-year waiting period for benefits and removes specific references to Medicaid, applying the change broadly across all federal programs. This directly affects over 30,000 citizens of these nations living in the U.S. under the compacts, who currently face restrictions on accessing critical support. The bill aims to align federal benefit eligibility with the unique status granted by the Compacts of Free Association.