Holding Countries Accountable for Negligent Chemical and Biological Programs Act

This bill creates a new framework for imposing sanctions on foreign governments that engage in "gross negligence" with respect to chemical or biological programs. It defines gross negligence as when a government knew or should have known such actions would cause injury or damage to other countries. The President would be required to make determinations based on credible information about such negligence and impose specific sanctions, including suspending scientific cooperation, restricting exports of certain goods and technologies, and terminating foreign assistance. The bill also mandates a specific determination about China within 180 days of enactment, requiring the President to report whether reasonable grounds exist for concluding China meets the gross negligence criteria. Sanctions can be lifted if the foreign government addresses the negligence, develops preventive measures, and provides information to the U.S. and international organizations.