SB 31 Texas Senate · 89th Legislature (2025)

Relating to exceptions to otherwise prohibited abortions based on a physician's reasonable medical judgment.

SB 31, titled the "Life of the Mother Act," amends Texas Health and Safety Code to create a specific exception allowing abortions when a physician determines in "reasonable medical judgment" that a pregnancy poses a life-threatening risk of death or serious risk of substantial impairment to a major bodily function. It directly affects pregnant individuals with pregnancy-related conditions that threaten life or major bodily function, removing prior requirements that risks be imminent or that physical damage already occur. The law permits physicians to act proactively to address such risks before symptoms manifest, without needing to wait for documented harm. Signed by the governor on June 20, 2025, it became effective immediately.
Bill status signed all 5 stages cleared
Introduction
Mar 2025
Committee Review
May 2025
Senate Passage
May 2025
House Passage
May 2025
Signed into Law
Jun 2025
Introduced Mar 14, 2025 Signed Jun 20, 2025
Maddy AI version diff · 2 comparisons

What changed between versions

Engrossed Enrolled · 6 edits · Jun 20, 2025
MODERATE
This bill amends Texas abortion laws to create exceptions for medical emergencies, allowing abortions when a pregnant person's life is at risk or they face serious impairment of major bodily functions. The changes clarify that threats do not need to be imminent and provide protections for physicians exercising reasonable medical judgment. It also establishes new requirements for medical training and legal education for attorneys and physicians regarding these exceptions.
Scope change
The bill expands exceptions to otherwise prohibited abortions by defining medical emergencies more broadly and removing the requirement that risks be imminent or irreversible.
ELIGIBILITY

Expanded medical emergency exceptions to apply when a pregnant person faces a life-threatening condition or serious risk of substantial impairment of major bodily function, without requiring the risk to be imminent.

DEFINITION

Added new definition of ectopic pregnancy to include implantation in abnormal locations within the uterus that make the pregnancy non-viable.

REQUIREMENT

Required physicians to complete continuing medical education courses about abortion laws and medical emergency exceptions by January 1, 2026.

Modified medical emergency certification requirements to align with the new medical emergency definition rather than the previous life-threatening condition standard.

ENFORCEMENT

Created legal protections for physicians and healthcare providers who act in good faith based on reasonable medical judgment during medical emergencies, including immunity from certain civil and criminal penalties.

TIMELINE

Set January 1, 2026 as the deadline for physicians to complete required continuing medical education and for the State Bar to offer legal education programs.

Floor votes · House May 22, 2025

How they voted

This bill passed the Senate by voice vote (no roll call recorded).
Full legislative history

Actions timeline

Total actions
60
Key actions
14
Committee
10
Jun 20, 2025
Signed into law
Signed by the Governor
executive
May 26, 2025
Lower · Passed
Signed in the House
lower
May 26, 2025
Upper · Passed
Signed in the Senate
upper
May 23, 2025
Upper · Passed
House passage reported
upper
May 22, 2025
Lower · Passed
Passed
lower
May 12, 2025
Lower · Passed
Committee report sent to Calendars
lower
May 12, 2025
Lower · Passed
Committee report distributed
lower
May 5, 2025
Lower · Passed
Reported favorably w/o amendment(s)
lower
May 1, 2025
Committee
Referred to Public Health
lower
May 1, 2025
Introduced
Read first time
lower
Apr 30, 2025
Introduced
Received from the Senate
lower
Apr 29, 2025
Upper · Passed
Passed
upper
Apr 23, 2025
Upper · Passed
Committee report printed and distributed
upper
Apr 23, 2025
Upper · Passed
Reported favorably as substituted
upper
Apr 22, 2025
Upper · Passed
Vote taken in committee
upper
Mar 27, 2025
Upper · Passed
Left pending in committee
upper
Mar 27, 2025
Upper · Passed
Testimony taken in committee
upper
Mar 17, 2025
Committee
Referred to State Affairs
upper
Mar 17, 2025
Introduced
Read first time
upper
5 primary · 73 co-sponsors

Sponsors

Role
Legislator
Party
State
District
P
Photo of Angelia Orr
Angelia Orr
RRepublican
TX
13
P
Photo of Bryan Hughes
Bryan Hughes
RRepublican
TX
1
P
Photo of Charlie Geren
Charlie Geren
RRepublican
TX
99
P
Photo of Donna Howard
Donna Howard
DDemocratic
TX
48
P
Photo of Lacey Hull
Lacey Hull
RRepublican
TX
138
Co
Photo of Adam Hinojosa
Adam Hinojosa
RRepublican
TX
27
Co
Photo of Aicha Davis
Aicha Davis
DDemocratic
TX
109
Co
Photo of Alma Allen
Alma Allen
DDemocratic
TX
131
Co
Photo of Ana Hernandez
Ana Hernandez
DDemocratic
TX
143
Co
Photo of Angela Paxton
Angela Paxton
RRepublican
TX
8
Co
Photo of Bob Hall
Bob Hall
RRepublican
TX
2
Co
Photo of Bobby Guerra
Bobby Guerra
DDemocratic
TX
41
Co
Photo of Brad Buckley
Brad Buckley
RRepublican
TX
54
Co
Photo of Brandon Creighton
Brandon Creighton
RRepublican
TX
4
Co
Photo of Brent Hagenbuch
Brent Hagenbuch
RRepublican
TX
30