SB 1960 Texas Senate · 89th Legislature (2025)

Relating to digital replication rights in the voice and visual likeness of individuals; providing private causes of action; authorizing a fee.

This bill establishes legal rights for individuals to control the digital replication of their voice or visual likeness. It defines a "digital replica" as a realistic computer-generated representation not based on existing performances (excluding standard music sampling or remixing). Individuals can sue if their likeness is used without consent, and the law authorizes a fee for certain digital replication services. The law applies to both living and deceased individuals, protecting their identity from unauthorized digital use.
Bill status passed 3 of 5 stages cleared
Introduction
Mar 2025
Committee Review
May 2025
Senate Passage
Apr 2025
House Passage
Governor
Introduced Mar 5, 2025 Last action May 21, 2025
Maddy AI version diff · 1 comparison

What changed between versions

Introduced Engrossed · 7 edits · Apr 22, 2025
MODERATE
This bill introduces new legal protections for individuals' voice and visual likenesses in digital replicas, such as AI-generated content. It establishes a private right of action allowing individuals to sue for unauthorized use of their likeness in digital formats, with specific provisions for minors and deceased individuals. The legislation also outlines obligations for online service providers to remove unauthorized digital replicas upon notification.
Scope change
The bill creates a new chapter (Chapter 651) in the Business & Commerce Code establishing digital replication rights, which did not previously exist in Texas law.
DEFINITION

New definition of 'digital replica' as a computer-generated, highly realistic electronic representation of an individual's voice or visual likeness.

ELIGIBILITY

Establishes that individuals who are residents of Texas (or were residents at time of death) have rights to authorize use of their digital likeness.

REQUIREMENT

Requires online service providers to designate an agent to receive violation notifications and remove unauthorized digital replicas within technical feasibility.

Requires written consent for production and public use of digital replicas, with exceptions for news, public affairs, and certain documentary uses.

Establishes registration system for postmortem rights with secretary of state, including filing fees to cover administration costs.

ENFORCEMENT

Creates private cause of action allowing eligible plaintiffs to seek injunctive relief and statutory damages ranging from $5,000 to $25,000 per unauthorized use.

TIMELINE

Sets effective date of September 1, 2025, with special provisions for rights holders who died before this date.

Floor votes

How they voted

This bill passed the Senate by voice vote (no roll call recorded).
Full legislative history

Actions timeline

Total actions
29
Key actions
8
Committee
9
May 21, 2025
Lower · Passed
Left pending in committee
lower
May 21, 2025
Lower · Passed
Testimony taken/registration(s) recorded in committee
lower
Apr 24, 2025
Committee
Referred to Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence
lower
Apr 24, 2025
Introduced
Read first time
lower
Apr 23, 2025
Introduced
Received from the Senate
lower
Apr 22, 2025
Upper · Passed
Passed
upper
Apr 9, 2025
Upper · Passed
Committee report printed and distributed
upper
Apr 9, 2025
Upper · Passed
Reported favorably w/o amendments
upper
Apr 8, 2025
Upper · Passed
Vote taken in committee
upper
Apr 3, 2025
Upper · Passed
Left pending in committee
upper
Apr 3, 2025
Upper · Passed
Testimony taken in committee
upper
Mar 17, 2025
Committee
Referred to Business & Commerce
upper
Mar 17, 2025
Introduced
Read first time
upper
1 primary · 1 co-sponsor

Sponsors