S 4996 New York Senate · 2025 Regular Session

Defines certain terms in standard form contracts as unconscionable

This bill (S 4996) makes specific terms in standard form contracts unfair and unenforceable when used against individual consumers who didn't draft the contract. It defines as "unconscionable" terms like requiring inconvenient dispute resolution venues, waiving legal rights (including punitive damages), or imposing excessive fees. The law creates a rebuttable presumption that these terms are unfair, meaning courts would likely strike them out rather than enforce the rest of the contract. Consumers who face these terms can seek $1,000 in statutory damages per violation, and the law explicitly prohibits businesses from including these terms in contracts with individual consumers.
Bill status in committee 1 of 4 stages cleared
Introduction
Feb 2025
Committee Review
Floor Vote
Governor
Introduced Feb 14, 2025 Last action Jan 7, 2026
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Full legislative history

Actions timeline

Total actions
2
Key actions
0
Committee
2
Jan 7, 2026
Committee
REFERRED TO CONSUMER PROTECTION
upper
Feb 14, 2025
Committee
REFERRED TO CONSUMER PROTECTION
upper
1 primary · 0 co-sponsors

Sponsors

Role
Legislator
Party
State
District
P
Photo of Pete Harckham
Pete Harckham
DDemocratic/Working Families
NY
40