HB 941 Missouri House · 2025 Regular Session

Prohibits school districts from using a three-cueing system model of reading instruction

HB 941 prohibits public and charter school districts from using the "three-cueing system" (a reading method relying on meaning, structure, and visual clues) for teaching students in kindergarten through 12th grade. Instead, it mandates that all schools establish evidence-based reading programs for kindergarten through fifth grade, requiring instruction in phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension. The bill also requires new K-3 reading teachers to receive specialized training in these research-backed methods. This policy directly affects schools, teachers, and students by shifting reading instruction away from the banned approach toward structured, scientifically supported techniques.
Bill status in committee 1 of 4 stages cleared
Introduction
Jan 2025
Committee Review
Floor Vote
Governor
Introduced Jan 16, 2025 Last action Apr 14, 2025
Maddy AI version diff · 1 comparison

What changed between versions

Introduced House Committee Substitute · 4 edits
MODERATE
The bill was amended from a House Bill to a House Committee Substitute, which significantly changed the reading instruction requirements. The original version prohibited the use of three-cueing systems in public schools, while the new version requires districts and charter schools to prioritize phonics instruction and explicitly bans three-cueing and visual memory strategies for teaching word reading. This change clarifies the instructional approach and expands the requirement to include charter schools.
Scope change
The bill's applicability was expanded to include charter schools in addition to public school districts.
REQUIREMENT

Changed the reading instruction mandate from a prohibition on three-cueing systems to a positive requirement for phonics-based instruction with specific restrictions on three-cueing and visual memory strategies.

Added specific provisions allowing visual information and strategies for comprehension support, while clarifying they cannot be used to teach word reading.

SCOPE

Extended the reading instruction requirements to include charter schools alongside public school districts.

DEFINITION

Replaced a simple definition of three-cueing with detailed instructional requirements that specify phonics as the primary strategy for word reading.

Floor votes

How they voted

No floor votes recorded yet.
Full legislative history

Actions timeline

Total actions
13
Key actions
4
Committee
6
Mar 12, 2025
Lower · Passed
Reported Do Pass (H) - AYES: 7 NOES: 3 PRESENT: 0
lower
Mar 12, 2025
Lower · Passed
Voted Do Pass (H)
lower
Mar 6, 2025
Committee
Referred: Rules - Legislative(H)
lower
Mar 6, 2025
Lower · Passed
HCS Reported Do Pass (H) - AYES: 20 NOES: 1 PRESENT: 0
lower
Mar 5, 2025
Lower · Passed
HCS Voted Do Pass (H)
lower
Feb 6, 2025
Committee
Referred: Elementary and Secondary Education(H)
lower
Jan 16, 2025
Introduced
Introduced and Read First Time (H)
lower
1 primary · 0 co-sponsors

Sponsors

Role
Legislator
Party
State
District
P
Photo of Ed Lewis
Ed Lewis
RRepublican
MO
6