SB 451 Michigan Senate · 2025-2026 Regular Session

Consumer credit: credit reports and reporting agencies; collection and reporting of medical debt information; regulate. Creates new act.

SB 451 prohibits consumer reporting agencies in Michigan from including medical debt in credit reports, protecting residents from negative credit impacts due to unpaid medical bills. The law requires collection agencies to disclose this restriction in writing to consumers and forbids them from claiming medical debt will appear on credit reports unless the debt relates to a mortgage exceeding the federal conforming loan limit ($766,550 for 2024). It directly affects consumers who receive medical care but have unpaid bills, as their credit scores will no longer be harmed by such debt. The law also provides legal remedies, including damages and attorney fees, for violations.
Bill status passed 3 of 5 stages cleared
Introduction
Jun 2025
Committee Review
Jun 2026
Senate Passage
Mar 2026
House Passage
Governor
Introduced Jun 26, 2025 Last action Jun 17, 2026
Maddy AI version diff · 5 comparisons

What changed between versions

Substitute (S-1) - 2 Substitute (S-2) - 3 · 5 edits
MODERATE
The bill was revised to broaden its scope from simply prohibiting the reporting of medical debt to also regulating how that debt is collected and reported. The text was reorganized to include new definitions for 'medical creditor' and 'medical debt collector,' and the specific sections regarding reporting bans and collection restrictions were renumbered to reflect these additions.
Scope change
The bill's scope expanded to explicitly cover the collection process and introduced new definitions for entities involved in medical debt, moving beyond just the consumer reporting agencies.
SCOPE

The bill's purpose was updated to include regulating the collection of medical debt, not just prohibiting its reporting.

DEFINITION

New definitions were added for 'medical creditor' and 'medical debt collector' to clarify who is subject to the new rules.

REQUIREMENT

A new requirement was added stating that medical creditors and debt collectors cannot communicate with or report medical debt information to consumer reporting agencies.

The section regarding prohibited representations by collection agencies was renumbered and contextually adjusted to align with the new structure.

TECHNICAL

Drafting metadata and page headers from the previous version were removed during the revision.

Floor votes · Senate Mar 11, 2026

How they voted

288
Passed · 2 other
Total votes 38
Mar 11, 2026
D Democratic19
18 Yea 1
94% Yea
R Republican19
10 Yea 8 Nay 1
52% Yea
Vote distribution
All Yea All Nay Mixed No data
Full legislative history

Actions timeline

Total actions
13
Key actions
5
Committee
7
Jun 17, 2026
Committee
referred to second reading
lower
Jun 17, 2026
Lower · Passed
reported with recommendation without amendment
lower
Mar 11, 2026
Committee
referred to Committee on Health Policy
lower
Mar 11, 2026
Introduced
received on 03/11/2026
lower
Mar 11, 2026
Upper · Passed
PASSED ROLL CALL # 26 YEAS 27 NAYS 8 EXCUSED 2 NOT VOTING 0
upper
Mar 10, 2026
Upper · Passed
SUBSTITUTE (S-2) CONCURRED IN
upper
Mar 10, 2026
Upper · Passed
REPORTED BY COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE FAVORABLY WITH SUBSTITUTE (S-2)
upper
Nov 13, 2025
Committee
REFERRED TO COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE WITH SUBSTITUTE (S-1)
upper
Nov 13, 2025
Upper · Passed
REPORTED FAVORABLY WITH SUBSTITUTE (S-1) 11/12/2025
upper
Jun 26, 2025
Committee
REFERRED TO COMMITTEE ON HEALTH POLICY
upper
Jun 26, 2025
Introduced
INTRODUCED BY SENATOR SARAH ANTHONY
upper
1 primary · 10 co-sponsors

Sponsors