Rep. Dusty Johnson

Maddy summaryThis bill designates the American mastodon as the national fossil mammal and the Tyrannosaurus rex as the national fossil dinosaur for the United States. It achieves this by amending Title 36 of the U.S. Code to officially recognize these specific species within the legal framework for national symbols. The changes update the relevant chapter heading to include "fossil" and add a new section to formally establish these designations.

Maddy summaryHR 5267, the American Franchise Act, clarifies when franchisors can be considered joint employers of franchisee employees under federal labor laws. It defines "substantial direct and immediate control" over essential employment terms like wages, benefits, hours, hiring, and discipline - requiring franchisors to actively set these terms to be deemed joint employers. The bill explicitly excludes routine brand standards, training, or minimal safety requirements from constituting such control. This directly affects franchisors and franchisees by limiting joint employer liability to cases where franchisors exert significant, ongoing influence over core employment decisions. The law applies prospectively to new cases after enactment, not past disputes.

Maddy summaryHR 2555, the Freedom of Association in Higher Education Act of 2025, protects students who join or form single-sex social organizations (like fraternities or sororities) at colleges. It prohibits colleges receiving federal funds from taking negative actions against these students or organizations solely because they limit membership to one sex - such as denying housing, financial aid, leadership roles, or recognition. The bill ensures students can join such groups without coercion and stops colleges from imposing unfair recruitment rules on single-sex organizations compared to others. It does not require colleges to recognize single-sex groups, allow organizations to set their own membership rules, or override Title IX protections.

Maddy summary# Summary of Digital Commodities and Blockchain Technology Regulatory Framework This comprehensive legislation establishes a new regulatory framework specifically for digital commodities and blockchain technology, creating a balanced approach that protects investors while fostering innovation. ## Key Components 1. **New Regulatory Structure**: - Creates new categories for digital commodity exchanges, brokers, and dealers under the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) - Establishes "qualified digital asset custodians" as a new regulatory category - Defines "mature blockchain systems" with special regulatory treatment 2. **Core Requirements**: - Mandates segregation of customer assets and strict custody requirements - Requires robust risk management systems - Sets capital requirements for digital commodity brokers and dealers - Establishes new disclosure and reporting obligations - Defines "blockchain control persons" with special restrictions on selling digital commodities 3. **Innovation-Focused Provisions**: - Creates a "Strategic Hub for Innovation and Financial Technology" (FinHub) at the SEC - Establishes "LabCFTC" as a dedicated innovation lab within the CFTC - Provides exemptions for SEC-registered entities from certain CFTC requirements - Includes provisions for expedited hiring of digital commodities experts 4. **Studies and Research**: - Mandates studies on decentralized finance (DeFi) - Requires a study on non-fungible tokens (NFTs) - Directs a study on financial literacy among digital commodity holders - Requires a study on tokenized securities and derivatives 5. **Exclusions**: - Excludes decentralized finance activities from regulation - Excludes certain blockchain-related activities from regulatory requirements The legislation aims to create a functional regulatory framework that acknowledges the unique benefits and risks of digital commodities while ensuring investor protection, preventing market manipulation, and promoting the responsible development of this emerging technology within the United States. It seeks to prevent the shift of digital commodity development to less regulated countries by establishing a clear, balanced regulatory path.

Maddy summaryHR 7008, the Stop Insider Trading Act, restricts Members of Congress, their spouses, and dependent children from purchasing certain investments like stocks in publicly traded companies. It requires 7-14 days' advance public notice before selling any such investment, including the sale date, description, and number of shares. Exceptions apply for work-related transactions (e.g., employer compensation) and reinvesting dividends. Violations trigger a fee of $2,000 or 10% of the investment’s value (whichever is greater), plus any net gain, paid from personal funds - not congressional allowances or campaign donations. The bill aims to prevent conflicts of interest by increasing transparency around congressional financial dealings.

Maddy summaryThe Preventing Forced Abortions Act of 2026 prohibits federal courts from enforcing any part of a surrogacy agreement that forces a surrogate mother to have an abortion. Instead, the law mandates that courts must uphold the financial compensation promised to the surrogate, even if the contract includes penalties or reduced payments for refusing an abortion. This legislation grants federal district courts specific authority to hear civil cases involving surrogacy contracts and defines key terms such as "abortion" and "surrogate mother" to clarify the scope of the protections.

Maddy summaryHR 1266, the Combating Illicit Xylazine Act, adds xylazine - a veterinary sedative increasingly found in illicit drug mixtures - to Schedule III of the Controlled Substances Act, regulating its use and trafficking. It directly affects veterinarians, animal owners, and manufacturers by allowing xylazine to be legally dispensed for animal use under specific veterinary prescriptions, while prohibiting non-veterinary human use. The bill includes transition periods (60 days for practitioners, 1 year for labeling) to ease compliance for manufacturers and practitioners, and requires the DEA and FDA to expedite necessary applications. It also mandates two congressional reports on xylazine's illicit use and trafficking patterns, and directs the Sentencing Commission to review penalties for offenses involving xylazine.

Maddy summaryThis bill directs the Secretary of the Interior to conduct feasibility studies for three proposed water supply projects in the Dakotas, Iowa, Minnesota, and Nebraska. The legislation requires the federal government to work with specific regional water entities to evaluate whether these projects should be built and to determine the appropriate financial contributions from non-federal sources, which must be at least 25 percent of total costs. To fund these initial studies, the bill authorizes up to $10 million for each project, with the federal share of study expenses capped at 50 percent. The authority to carry out these studies expires ten years after the bill is enacted, and the resulting reports will be submitted to Congress and made public.

Maddy summaryThis bill requires Medicare Advantage plans to implement electronic pre-approval systems for medical services by 2028 and meet transparency reporting standards starting in 2027. Plans must publicly report data on approval/denial rates, appeal outcomes, response times, and technology use for pre-approval requests, including details on how denials relate to clinical criteria. It establishes a 24-hour response timeframe for certain requests and mandates annual reviews of pre-approval requirements based on data and input from seniors and providers. The law directly affects Medicare Advantage plans, seniors enrolled in these plans, and healthcare providers who submit pre-approval requests. These changes aim to make the pre-approval process faster, more transparent, and more accountable for seniors seeking covered medical services.